Discriminating different Cannabis sativa L. chemotypes using attenuated total reflectance - infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy: A proof of concept

Cirrincione, Marco; Saladini, Bruno; Brighenti, Virginia; Salamone, Stefano; Mandrioli, Roberto; Pollastro, Federica; Pellati, Federica; Protti, Michele; Mercolini, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114270

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Crushing dried hemp plants was required prior to the spectroscopic measurements (Duchateau et al, 2020). Cirrincione et al (2021) reported on using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy for the discrimination between fiber-type and drug-type cannabis samples. Spectroscopic sensing, however, only measures small portions of plant tissues and often requires sample treatments (e.g., drying and grinding) (Duchateau et al, 2020) and direct contact between samples and the detector (Sanchez et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperspectral Imaging With Machine Learning to Differentiate Cultivars, Growth Stages, Flowers, and Leaves of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Young

Linder

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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As an emerging cash crop, industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) grown for cannabidiol (CBD) has spurred a surge of interest in the United States. Cultivar selection and harvest timing are important to produce CBD hemp profitably and avoid economic loss resulting from the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration in the crop exceeding regulatory limits. Hence there is a need for differentiating CBD hemp cultivars and growth stages to aid in cultivar and genotype selection and optimization of harvest timing. Current methods that rely on visual assessment of plant phenotypes and chemical procedures are limited because of its subjective and destructive nature. In this study, hyperspectral imaging was proposed as a novel, objective, and non-destructive method for differentiating hemp cultivars, growth stages as well as plant organs (leaves and flowers). Five cultivars of CBD hemp were grown greenhouse conditions and leaves and flowers were sampled at five growth stages 2–10 weeks in 2-week intervals after flower initiation and scanned by a benchtop hyperspectral imaging system in the spectral range of 400–1000 nm. The acquired images were subjected to image processing procedures to extract the spectra of hemp samples. The spectral profiles and scatter plots of principal component analysis of the spectral data revealed a certain degree of separation between hemp cultivars, growth stages, and plant organs. Machine learning based on regularized linear discriminant analysis achieved the accuracy of up to 99.6% in differentiating the five hemp cultivars. Plant organ and growth stage need to be factored into model development for hemp cultivar classification. The classification models achieved 100% accuracy in differentiating the five growth stages and two plant organs. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of hyperspectral imaging for differentiating cultivars, growth stages and plant organs of CBD hemp, which is a potentially useful tool for growers and breeders of CBD hemp.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperspectral Imaging With Machine Learning to Differentiate Cultivars, Growth Stages, Flowers, and Leaves of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Young

Linder

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The drug type, richer in Δ 9 -THC, and the fiber type, richer in CBD or related compounds (commonly known as hemp or industrial hemp), are the most important from the economic point of view. The first chemotype is normally subjected to restrictions according to the legislations of individual countries, while the second is the main source for the cannabis market, which includes food and personal care products but also medical formulations [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Despite the attention that has been mostly focused on Δ 9 -THC and CBD, the chemistry of hemp is very complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Biological Activity of Fiber-Type Cannabis sativa L. Aerial Parts at Different Growth Stages

Mastellone

Marengo

Sgorbini

et al. 2022

Plants

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Currently, there is a renewed interest in cannabis-related products in different fields because of the rich phytocomplex of this plant, together with its fiber and agricultural features. In this context, the current study aims to chemically characterize different samples of fiber-type Cannabis sativa L. grown in Italy as a potential health promoting source. An ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid extraction (UA-SLE) method was first developed and optimized to obtain a fingerprinting of the investigated phytocomplex. Analyses were carried out through an ultra high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector in series with triple quadrupole system with an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS/MS) and showed that the phytocomplex mainly includes flavonoids and non-psychotomimetic cannabinoids. The method was then applied to characterize and compare 24 samples of fiber-type Cannabis sativa L. aerial parts (mainly stems and leaves), which differed for the growth stages (from mid-vegetative to early flowering), growth land plots, and methods of drying (forced-draft oven or freeze-drying). The quali-quantitative analysis showed that a freeze-drying method seems to better preserve the chemical composition of the samples, while the location of the land plot and the growth stage of the plant (which did not comprise inflorescences) had minor influences on the chemical pattern. These results were also supported by spectrophotometric in-vitro assays (scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS+•) radicals and inhibitory activity against tyrosinase and elastase enzymes) to investigate the potential biological activity of these samples and the contribution of non-psychotomimetic cannabinoids.

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“…Their presence was connected with the ν(C–H) stretching vibration of symmetric and asymmetric aliphatic groups [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Moreover, the band carbonyl groups ν(C=O) at different peaks (1733 cm −1 for CE, 1709 cm −1 for VE, 1712 cm −1 for ME, 1732 cm −1 for LE, 1728 cm −1 for SE) indicated the presence of monoterpenes such as thujones, camphor, tannins or flavonoid structure [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. The different intensity peaks in the range of 1570 to 1230 cm −1 were assigned to the alkenes and methyl groups [ 42 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spectra indicated the presence of cannabinoids components such as Δ9-trans-tetrahidrocanabinol (Δ9-THC), Cannabidiol (CBD) and flavonoids such as luteolin and apigenin, etc. The typical carbonyl band was at 1733 cm −1 , and the pronounced absorption peak of the stretching vibration ν(C=C) was defined at 1629 cm −1 ; they were assigned to cannabinoids components [ 48 ]. The peaks from the region 1164–1042 cm −1 , characteristic to flavonoids, ν ( C-O-C) asymmetric stretch vibration and ν(C-O) stretch vibration were shifted to 1161 cm −1 and 1091 cm −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Plant Extracts Films: Preparation, Surface Characterization and Antibacterial Studies against Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria

Barbălată-Mândru¹,

Serbezeanu²,

Butnaru

et al. 2022

Materials

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In this study, we aim to obtain biomaterials with antibacterial properties by combining poly(vinyl alcohol) with the extracts obtained from various selected plants from Romania. Natural herbal extracts of freshly picked flowers of the lavender plant (Lavandula angustifolia) and leaves of the peppermint plant (Mentha piperita), hemp plant (Cannabis sativa L.), verbena plant (Verbena officinalis) and sage plant (Salvia officinalis folium) were selected after an intensive analyzing of diverse medicinal plants often used as antibacterial and healing agents from the country flora. The plant extracts were characterized by different methods such as totals of phenols and flavonoids content and UV-is spectroscopy. The highest amounts of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively, were recorded for Salvia officinalis. Moreover, the obtained films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) loaded with plant extracts were studied concerning the surface properties and their antibacterial or cytotoxicity activity. The Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared analysis described the successfully incorporation of each plant extract in the poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix, while the profilometry demonstrated the enhanced surface properties. The results showed that the plant extracts conferred significant antibacterial effects to films toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and are not toxic against fibroblastic cells from the rabbit.

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Discriminating different Cannabis sativa L. chemotypes using attenuated total reflectance - infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy: A proof of concept

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Hyperspectral Imaging With Machine Learning to Differentiate Cultivars, Growth Stages, Flowers, and Leaves of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Hyperspectral Imaging With Machine Learning to Differentiate Cultivars, Growth Stages, Flowers, and Leaves of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Characterization and Biological Activity of Fiber-Type Cannabis sativa L. Aerial Parts at Different Growth Stages

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Plant Extracts Films: Preparation, Surface Characterization and Antibacterial Studies against Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria

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