Disease Burden and Attributable Risk Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia in China from 1990 to 2019

Li, R.; Qi, Jinlei; Yang, Yu-Chih; Wu, Yanyan; Yin, Peng; Zhou, Mingyuan; Qian, Zhengmin; LeBaige, Morgan H.; McMillin, Stephen Edward; Guo, Huiling; Lin, Hualiang

doi:10.14283/jpad.2021.69

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Although dementia is more prevalent among females, we also found that the EAPCs in the ASPR and DALYs were obviously higher in males than in females, especially in China, suggesting that the disease burden in males is increasing faster than in females. Smoking was the leading risk factor for disease burden across genders [[16]]. Thus, higher smoking rates in males may impact the subsequent incidence rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in Prevalence and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias in China from 1990 to 2019

Zhu¹,

Zheng²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Neuroepidemiology

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Introduction: China has the largest population of people with dementia in the world and is estimated to have approximately a quarter of the entire population with dementia worldwide, bringing a heavy burden on the public and healthcare systems. We aimed to analyze the burden of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias in China over the past three decades. Methods: The data on disease burden owing to Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias in China from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 datasets. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess the temporal trends, and the ratio of years lived with disability (YLDs) to disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) was used as an indicator to evaluate the healthcare system. Result: In China, the overall age-standardized rates (ASRs) of the prevalence and DALYs of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias increased from 1990 to 2019, and their EAPCs were 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–0.75) and 0.26 (95% CI, 0.21–0.31), respectively. ASRs and the total number of dementia in females remained higher than in males, but the upward trend in ASRs among men was more pronounced than in women. The female-to-male ratio of the age-standardized DALY rate peaked in the 75–79 year age group in 2019 (female-to-male ratio of 1.32). The YLDs:DALYs ratio in China experienced a gradual increase and finally stayed above the global average since 2011. Conclusion: China has experienced a remarkably rising burden of dementia over the past three decades. The more significant burden of dementia was in females, but the potentially increasing burden of dementia in males cannot be underestimated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More efforts are needed to establish a national system of dementia care. Data analysis at the provincial levels and attributable burden by selected risk factors have been discussed in the previous study [16]. The strengths of our study lie in the methods used to estimate the burden.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Prevalence and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias in China from 1990 to 2019

Zhu¹,

Zheng²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Neuroepidemiology

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“…AD is currently a great burden for individuals and for the society, from both the healthcare and socioeconomic point of view [ 5 ]. According to the latest statistical data, AD is affecting at present more than six million Americans aged 65 and older [ 6 ] and is associated with increased mortality rates [ 7 ]. Moreover, the predictions are unfavorable, with AD incidence and prevalence expected to increase in the next decades [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Cerebrospinal Fluid Sink Therapeutic Strategy” in Alzheimer’s Disease—From Theory to Design of Applied Systems

2022

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a global health problem, with incidence and prevalence considered to increase during the next decades. However, no currently available effective treatment exists despite numerous clinical trials in progress. Moreover, although many hypotheses are accepted regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD onset and evolution, there are still many unknowns about the disorder. A relatively new approach, based on the amyloid-beta dynamics among different biological compartments, is currently intensely discussed, as it seems to offer a promising solution with significant therapeutic impact. Known as the “cerebrospinal-fluid-sink therapeutic strategy”, part of the “three-sink therapeutic strategy”, this theoretical model focuses on the dynamics of amyloid-beta among the three main liquid compartments of the human body, namely blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and the (brain) interstitial fluid. In this context, this article aims to describe in detail the abovementioned hypothesis, by reviewing in the first part the most relevant anatomical and physiological aspects of amyloid-beta dynamics. Subsequently, explored therapeutic strategies based on the clearance of amyloid-beta from the cerebrospinal fluid level are presented, additionally highlighting their limitations. Finally, the originality and novelty of this work rely on the research experience of the authors, who focus on implantable devices and their utility in AD treatment.

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“…As the country with the most dementia patients in the world, China has a heavy burden on its public and medical system [ 3 ]. In view of the fact that there is no effective treatment for dementia, the number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) increased from 1.85 million in 1990 to 5.98 million in 2019 in China [ 4 ]. Dementia is the main cause of disability for older people [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dementia is the main cause of disability for older people [ 5 , 6 ]. The disability losses caused by dementia are accumulating rapidly, and the number of years lived with disability (YLDs) increased by 308.7% in China over the past three decades [ 4 ]. These losses may increase with the progression of the ageing process [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population attributable fractions for risk factors and disability burden of dementia in Jiangxi Province, China: a cross-sectional study

Zheng

Xu³

et al. 2022

BMC Geriatr

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Background In view of the fact that there is no effective treatment for dementia, the number of years that dementia patients have to live with dementia will gradually increase for the rest of their lives, and the disability loss caused by dementia will increase. It is urgent to study the influence of risk factors on dementia by making use of the potential of prevention. The purpose of this study is to quantify the burden of dementia disability attributable to risk factors by assessing the population attributable fractions (PAFs) in Jiangxi Province, which is one of the regions of moderate aging process of China. Methods The prevalence data of nine risk factors were obtained through the Sixth National Health Service Survey in 2018, which covered 2713 older people. Levin’s formula was used to calculate the PAF for each risk factor for dementia. We adjusted the PAF for communality between risk factors, and used these values to calculate overall weighted PAFs and the years lived with disability (YLDs), which were attributable to nine risk factors. Results The number of dementia cases and their proportions that can theoretically be prevented by nine identified risk factors were 111636 (99595-120877) and 66.8% (59.6-72.3), respectively. The total YLDs of dementia were estimated to be 61136 (46463-78369) (males: 36434 [24100-49330], females: 23956 [14716-34589]). Physical inactivity (11639 [8845-14920]), low social contact (9324 [7086-11952]), and hearing loss (5668 [4307-7265] were the top three contributors to dementia. Conclusions The moderate aging areas represented by Jiangxi Province have great potential in the prevention of dementia. Targeted interventions and management of risk factors can effectively reduce the disability burden of dementia.

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Disease Burden and Attributable Risk Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia in China from 1990 to 2019

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Trends in Prevalence and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias in China from 1990 to 2019

Trends in Prevalence and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias in China from 1990 to 2019

The “Cerebrospinal Fluid Sink Therapeutic Strategy” in Alzheimer’s Disease—From Theory to Design of Applied Systems

Population attributable fractions for risk factors and disability burden of dementia in Jiangxi Province, China: a cross-sectional study

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