Disease from Infection with<i>Vibrio mimicus</i>, A Newly Recognized<i>Vibrio</i>Species

Shandera, Wayne X.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-99-2-169

Cited by 107 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The organisms are recognized as a causative agent of human diarrhoea [1,2]. Clinical studies on V. mimicus infection revealed that diarrhoea was accompanied in the majority of patients by vomiting and abdominal cramps, some with bloody diarrhoea [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical studies on V. mimicus infection revealed that diarrhoea was accompanied in the majority of patients by vomiting and abdominal cramps, some with bloody diarrhoea [2]. Gastroenteritis due to V. mimicus has occurred following ingestion of seafoods [1,2]. Some V. mimicus strains have been reported to produce toxins similar to cholera enterotoxin (CT) [3] and heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High prevalence of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH)-like toxin inVibrio mimicusstrains isolated from diarrhoeal patients

et al. 1993

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SUMMARYA total of 17 isolates of Vibrio mimicus from patients, 29 from environment and 2 from food was examined for toxigenicity. Sixteen (94 %) clinical isolates and one (50%) from food produced TDH-like toxin, whereas none of the environmental isolates did so. The food from which V. mimicus with TDH-like toxin production was isolated, was one which had caused food poisoning. Only one environmental strain produced CT-like toxin, whilst ST-like toxin was not detected from any strains tested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH)-like toxin inVibrio mimicusstrains isolated from diarrhoeal patients

et al. 1993

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“…Vibrio mimicus is a closely related species with Vibrio cholerae, and has been reported to be associated with gastrointestinal infections (8,9,12,26). Although extraintestinal infections of these vibrios have also been reported in some cases (2,12,26), most of the investigations have been focused on their role in enteric infections, and factors associated with, or the mechanisms of pathogenicity in extraintestinal infections have not been investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although extraintestinal infections of these vibrios have also been reported in some cases (2,12,26), most of the investigations have been focused on their role in enteric infections, and factors associated with, or the mechanisms of pathogenicity in extraintestinal infections have not been investigated. V. cholerae has been reported to produce an extracellular metalloprotease (11) which has subsequently been shown to be responsible for nicking and activating cholera toxin (3) and therefore recog- nized as a potential in the virulence of the pathogen.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vascular Permeability Enhancement by Vibrio mimicus Protease and the Mechanisms of Action

Chowdhury

Miyoshi

Shinoda

1991

Microbiology and Immunology

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Vibrio mimicus, a causative agent of gastroenteritis, has also been reported to attribute to extraintestinal infections. Recently we have purified a metalloprotease produced by the pathogen : however, the role of the protease in V. mimicus infection has not been documented. The V. mimicus protease (VMP) was found to enhance vascular permeability and form edema when injected into the dorsal skin of guinea pig and rat. The permeability enhancement by VMP was observed in a dose-dependent manner in both guinea pig and rat skin. In guinea pig, an inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme was found to augment the permeability enhancement reaction. The permeability enhancement was significantly blocked by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), an inhibitor of plasma kallikrein reaction. In vitro conversion of plasma prekallikrein to kallikrein by VMP was also noted. In rat skin, the permeability enhancement reaction was not blocked by antihistamine or SBTI. However, the reaction was partially blocked when a mixture of antihistamine and SBTI was administered with VMP. It is apparent from the study that in guinea pig skin, VMP enhances vascular permeability through activation of plasma kallikrein-kinin system which generates bradykinin, whereas in addition to the activation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade in the case of rat, stimulation of histamine release from mast cells and other unknown mechanism seem to be also a cause of the permeability enhancement reaction. These results suggest that VMP may play a role in extraintestinal infections with edema caused by the pathogen.

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confidence: 99%

Presence of LuxS/AI‐2 Based Quorum‐Sensing System in Vibrio mimicus: LuxO Controls Protease Activity

Sultan

Miyoshi

Shinoda

2006

Microbiology and Immunology

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Vibrio mimicus is a potential enteric pathogen that was reported to produce diarrhea sometimes and was also found to be associated with some extra-intestinal infections namely otitis media and wound infection (10,37). It has been proposed that production of multiple toxins or toxic substances is characteristic of this species (7,20,36,38). In V. mimicus, regulation mechanisms involved in the expression of these virulence factors have not been studied yet. But expression of similar virulence factors are known to be regulated by cell density dependent regulation system, known as the quorum-sensing system, in a few other pathogenic vibrios including V. cholerae and V. vulnificus (20, 44). It is therefore very likely that V. mimicus may also possess the quorum-sensing regulation system, which might have important roles in the synchronized expression of the virulence factors of the pathogen.Cell density dependent control of cellular activities was first discovered in two luminous marine bacterial species, V. fischeri and V. harveyi (33). Later on, this phenomenon had been observed in many species of bacteria (2, 26, 43). In quorum sensing, signal molecules known as autoinducers are produced and secreted in the external environment by the bacteria. As the bacterial cell density increases the concentration of signal molecules in the surrounding environment also increases, and when it reaches the threshold level, the signal is sensed by the bacteria and then transmitted inside the cell. Signals obtained from quorum sensing, regulate expression of various genes through the function of response regulator proteins. Thus in quorum sensing, bacteria can sense their population density from the concentration of autoinducers, and accordingly expression or repression of particular genes occurs in all members of the population at a time. Namely, quorum sensing regulates processes that are effective only when a population of bacteria acts in a coordinate manner, but not when the bacteria act as individuals.Among Vibrio spp. the quorum-sensing systems of V. fischeri and V. harveyi have been most extensively studied. V. harveyi signal molecules include 3-oxo- Abstract: Presence of the quorum-sensing regulation system in Vibrio mimicus was investigated. The culture supernatants of V. mimicus strains were found to possess AI-2 autoinducer like activity, and the strains were found to harbor the genes which are homologous to luxS, luxO, and luxR of V. harveyi. These genes of V. harveyi have been shown to be important components of V. harveyi-like quorum-sensing system. The luxO gene homologue known to encode LuxO, the central component of the regulation system, was disrupted, and effects on protease and hemolysin activity were studied. Disruption of luxO gene resulted in the increased protease activity, but the hemolysin activity did not vary considerably.

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Disease from Infection withVibrio mimicus, A Newly RecognizedVibrioSpecies

Cited by 107 publications

References 12 publications

High prevalence of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH)-like toxin inVibrio mimicusstrains isolated from diarrhoeal patients

High prevalence of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH)-like toxin inVibrio mimicusstrains isolated from diarrhoeal patients

Vascular Permeability Enhancement by Vibrio mimicus Protease and the Mechanisms of Action

Presence of LuxS/AI‐2 Based Quorum‐Sensing System in Vibrio mimicus: LuxO Controls Protease Activity

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