Diseases and Health Management

Colorni, A.; Padrós, Francesc

doi:10.1002/9781444392210.ch10

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…As LCDV outbreaks are benign infections with low mortality rates [2,3,5,6], the measurement of traits associated to disease susceptibility should be carried out by quantifying the degree of clinical signs, such as body surface covered by lesions and their intensity. In our study, no mortality was observed at the sampling time, although all animals had the typical LCDV lesions ( Figure S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental challenges have demonstrated that at least three weeks after LCDV injection are required for the observation of clinical signs [1,3,4]. Once the lesions appear, the disease spans for approximately 20 days, the time required for the hypertrophic dermal cells to mature and break resulting in high morbidity but low mortality rates unless secondary infections occur [2,3,5,6]. In spite of being a self-limiting benign process [3], LCDV infection has a high economic impact in hatcheries due to the important delay in fish growth, reducing feed conversion rates and making fish unavailable for commercialization due to external lesions and the lack of acceptance by the consumers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heritability Estimates and Genetic Correlation for Growth Traits and LCDV Susceptibility in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Carballo

Shin

Berbel

et al. 2019

Fishes

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The lymphocystis disease (LCD) is a viral infection with a high economic impact in gilthead sea bream aquaculture. In this study, genetic estimates associated with lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) disease susceptibility and growth were determined in sea bream juveniles. Two fish batches (named batch 1 and batch 2) were built from mass spawning and reared under industrial conditions until disease outbreak. At the moment of the sampling (n = 500 specimens for each batch), all animals had the typical LCDV lesions in the skin. For phenotyping, animals were weighted and photographed for image analysis (surface covered and lesion intensity). LCDV DNA copies were quantified in the liver by qPCR. Batch 1 had a higher surface covered and lesion intensity than batch 2, and the body caudal region was the lowest affected region in both batches. The average LCDV DNA copies in liver were higher in the batch 1 than batch 2, and they were positively correlated with severity index (SI) categories (r2 = 0.90–0.94). The total number of families evaluated were 150 and 128 for batch 1 and batch 2, respectively, with a high bias in offspring contribution by family and broodstock. Heritabilities for weight and length were 0.18 and 0.14 in batch 1 and 0.06 and 0.05 in batch 2, respectively. Heritability for the number of viral DNA copies was low (<0.08) in both batches. Heritabilities for SI in binary scale were 0.32/0.33 and 0.21/0.24 (underlying liability/Bayesian approach) for batch 1 and batch 2, respectively. Genetic correlations were very high and positive when growth traits (weight and length) or disease traits (LCDV DNA copies and SI) were compared. In contrast, the genetic correlations between growth and disease traits were moderate–high and positive in the batch 1 but negative in batch 2. These results indicate the genetic selection for LCDV susceptibility and growth is feasible in sea bream juveniles, although estimates are highly dependent on the age. The information provided is relevant to designing selective breeding programs in sea bream.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability Estimates and Genetic Correlation for Growth Traits and LCDV Susceptibility in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Carballo

Shin

Berbel

et al. 2019

Fishes

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“…It is the main farmed fish species in the Mediterranean basin (15), representing an important resource for this area. Several diseases hamper their production (16), and therefore, any advancement in the knowledge of its immune response will help to combat diseases. Among these diseases, GSB has been described as a healthy asymptomatic carrier of a highly virulent strain of a Nodavirus responsible for massive mortalities of several species of cultured marine fish (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Modulation of IgT and IgM upon Parasitic, Bacterial, Viral, and Dietary Challenges in a Perciform Fish

et al. 2016

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Three different immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes can be found in teleost fish, IgM, IgD, and the teleost-specific IgT. IgM is considered to have a systemic activity, and IgT is attributed a mucosal role, similar to mammalian IgA. In this study, the complete sequence of gilthead sea bream IgM and IgT in their membrane (m) and soluble (s) forms are described for the first time in a perciform fish. Their constitutive gene expression is analyzed in different tissues, and their regulation upon viral, bacterial, parasitic, mucosal vaccination and dietary challenges are studied. GCB IgM and IgT have the prototypical structure when compared to other fish Igs. The constitutive expression of sIgM was the highest overall in all tissues, whereas mIgT expression was highest in mucosal tissues, such as gills and intestine. IgM and IgT were differentially regulated upon infection. IgT was highly upregulated locally upon infection with the intestinal parasite Enteromyxum leei or systemically after Nodavirus infection. Long-term intestinal parasitic infections increased the serum titer of both isotypes. Mucosal vaccination against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida finely regulated the Ig response inducing a systemic increase of IgM titers in serum and a local IgT response in skin mucus when animals were exposed to the pathogen by bath challenge. Interestingly, plant-based diets inhibit IgT upregulation upon intestinal parasitic challenge, which was related to a worse disease outcome. All these results corroborate the mucosal role of IgT and emphasize the importance of a finely tuned regulation of Ig isotypes upon infection, which could be of special interest in vaccination studies.

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“…Lymphocystis disease (LCD) affects a wide variety of wild and cultured fish species with an extensive geographical distribution [ 1 ]. In Southern Atlantic and Mediterranean aquaculture, this disease is the main viral infection reported to affect cultured gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) [ 2 – 4 ]. The typical sign of lymphocystis disease is the presence of small pearl-like nodules on the skin and fins of affected fish, that may occur singly or more generally grouped in raspberry-like clusters of tumorous appearance [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a new real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for surveillance studies of lymphocystis disease virus in farmed gilthead seabream

Valverde¹,

Cano²,

Labella³

et al. 2016

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundLymphocystis disease (LCD) is the main viral infection reported to affect cultured gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in Europe. The existence of subclinical Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) infection in this fish species has been recognised by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. Nevertheless, these methods do not provide quantitative results that can be useful in epidemiological and pathological studies. Moreover, carrier fish have been involved in viral transmission, therefore the use of specific and sensitive diagnostic methods to detect LCDV will be relevant for LCD prevention.ResultsWe have developed a real-time PCR (qPCR) assay to detect and quantify LCDV. The assay was evaluated for viral diagnosis in surveillance studies in gilthead seabream farms, and also to identify viral reservoirs in a hatchery. The prevalence of LCDV infection in the asymptomatic gilthead seabream populations tested varied from 30 to 100 %, including data from one farm without previous records of LCD. Estimated viral load in caudal fin of subclinically infected fish was two to five orders of magnitude lower than in diseased fish. The qPCR assay allowed the detection of carrier fish in broodstock from a farm with a history of clinical LCD in juvenile fish. In addition, the quantitative detection of LCDV was achieved in all samples collected in the hatchery, including fertilized eggs, larvae and fingerlings, and also rotifer cultures and artemia metanauplii and cysts used for larval rearing.ConclusionsThe qPCR assay developed in this study has proved to be a rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for LCDV diagnosis, which could be valuable to identify LCDV reservoirs or to study viral replication in gilthead seabream.

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Diseases and Health Management

Cited by 25 publications

References 194 publications

Heritability Estimates and Genetic Correlation for Growth Traits and LCDV Susceptibility in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Heritability Estimates and Genetic Correlation for Growth Traits and LCDV Susceptibility in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Differential Modulation of IgT and IgM upon Parasitic, Bacterial, Viral, and Dietary Challenges in a Perciform Fish

Application of a new real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for surveillance studies of lymphocystis disease virus in farmed gilthead seabream

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