Disentangling substantiation: The influence of race, income, and risk on the substantiation decision in child welfare

Decision making in child protection: An international comparative study on maltreatment substantiation, risk assessment and interventions recommendations, and the role of professionals’ child welfare attitudes

“…For instance, Rivaux et al (2008) and Dettlaff et al (2011) demonstrate that case characteristics such as ethnicity, poverty, and risk, are associated with both maltreatment substantiation and placement decisions. A series of studies showed how practitioners' decisions were associated with the child's race (Drake et al, 2011;Fallon et al, 2013).…”

Working together to protect children; a case study of policy implementation in Greece

“…In the current study no ethnic origin was recorded in vignette A, whilst in vignette B it was specified as a family of Albanian origin. Studies have shown that ethnicity is one of the factors that affect decisions regarding out of home care (Rivaux et al, 2008;Dettlaff et al, 2011). Once again this is a small sample but it appears that the family's ethnic background does not affect the professionals' responses in any significant way.…”

Perception and determination of child maltreatment: Exploratory comparisons across three countries

“…For example, race has been implicated for disproportionality and slower exit (or reunification) of minorities from the child welfare system in the United States (e.g., African Americans and American Indians), United Kingdom (e.g., Black children and families), Canada (e.g., First Nations/Indigenous peoples), and Australia (e.g., Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders) because minorities are more likely to be reported, removed, have their cases substantiated for maltreatment, or contend with inadequate resources (Blackstock, 2009;Carter, 2010;Chand & Thoburn, 2006;Delfabbro, Hirte, Rogers, & Wilson, 2010;Dettlaff et al, 2011;Fluke, Chabot, Fallonc, MacLaurind, & Blackstock, 2010). However, other maltreatment experts have attributed such disproportionality to other factors, including mental health or substance abuse problems of minorities and family/community poverty (Carter & Myers, 2007;Drake & Jonson-Reid, 2011;Drake, Lee, & Jonson-Reid, 2009;Font, Berger, & Slack, 2012;Jonson-Reid, Drake, & Kohl, 2009;Jonson-Reid, Drake, & Zhou, 2012).…”