Disgust and disgust sensitivity in blood-injection-injury and spider phobia

Disgust and psychopathological symptoms in a nonclinical sample

“…In passing, it should be noted that the correlation between disgust sensitivity and FQ blood-injury phobia failed to reach signi®cance (r = 0.12). Whereas Tolin, Lohr, Sawchuk, and Lee (1997) found evidence that suggest a close connection between disgust and blood-injury phobia, other researchers were unable to replicate this ®nding (De Jongh, Bongaarts, Vermeule, Visser, De Vos, & Makkes, 1998;Merckelbach, Muris, De Jong, & De Jongh, 1999). Thus, the present ®nding favours the conclusion that the relationship between disgust and blood-injury fear is not a robust one.…”

Reducing affective responses to surgical images through color manipulation and stylization

“…Studies have used various types of aversive stimuli such as homicide scenes [Hare et al 1970], spiders [Tolin et al 1997], vomit [Olatunji et al 2008, maggots, cadavers, and dirty toilets [Schienle et al 2002]. Many studies have examined responses to scenes depicting a body envelope violated by an injury or a surgery.…”

“…Many studies have examined responses to scenes depicting a body envelope violated by an injury or a surgery. Examples include photos of body mutilation (e.g., [Klorman et al 1977]), of surgery procedures (e.g., [Sawchuk et al 2002;Tolin et al 1997]), and videos of medical interventions such as blood draw [Gilchrist and Ditto 2012], open-heart surgery [Olatunji et al 2008], or surgical amputation [Rohrmann and Hopp 2008]. Studies have involved both ordinary subjects (e.g., [Hare et al 1970]), BIIphobic 1 subjects (e.g., [Öst et al 1984]), and often a combination of both (e.g., [Haberkamp and Schmidt 2014]).…”

“…Others include facial expression (using videotaping [Lumley and Melamed 1992] or electromyography [Lang et al 1993;Olatunji et al 2008]), skin conductance [Lang et al 1993], neural activation using fMRI [Schienle et al 2002], attentional avoidance using eye tracking [Armstrong et al 2013], and visuomotor processing using a response priming task [Haberkamp and Schmidt 2014]. Subjective measures were also used, where subjects were asked to report to what extent they felt fear and disgust [Sawchuk et al 2002;Tolin et al 1997], avoided watching [Olatunji et al 2008], or experienced vasovagal (i.e., pre-fainting) symptoms [Gilchrist and Ditto 2012]. A strong reaction to a body injury depiction is often marked by a decrease in heart rate, or an increase followed by a rapid decrease called "diphasic response" [Cisler et al 2009].…”

“…Here, however, we are less interested in potentially positive effects of stylization, but instead in how much it can diminish negative affects caused by unpleasant pictures. Such pictures are involved when surgeons inform their patients before surgical procedures-because many people find surgery pictures repellent (e.g., [Sawchuk et al 2002;Tolin et al 1997]), effective communication can suffer. This context would seem like an ideal application case for expressive rendering [Isenberg 2016].…”