Disorders of glucose metabolism in the context of human immunodeficiency virus infection

Larson, Ruth; Capili, Bernadette; Eckert-Norton, Margaret; Colagreco, Joseph P.; Anastasi, Joyce K.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2006.00109.x

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…When infection, some studies showed that pathways or members related to lipid, sugar, and protein metabolism were changed (46)(47)(48). It is easy to understand that pathogen infection will result in metabolic disturbance of host or cell (49,50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Gene Expression Analysis within Mouse Macrophage for Identifying Critical Pathways in Macrophage and Brucella suis Interaction

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2017

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Brucella spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that cause a zoonotic disease called brucellosis in humans as well as many animals. Brucella suis (B.suis) is one of the greatest threats to the human health and food safety. Studying macrophage and B. suis interaction is critical for understanding the chronic infection mechanism. However, the interaction mechanisms, especially for molecular events triggered by B. suis infected macrophage, such as biological pathways, are still obscure. Objectives: We will use gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to microarray in an attempt to find critical pathways in the interaction of macrophage and B. suis. Methods: We applied a standardized microarray preprocessing and GSEA to 2 independent macrophage and B. suis interaction studies including smooth virulent B. suis strain 1330 (S1330) data sets and rough attenuated B. suis strain VTRS1 (VTRS1) data sets. Integrative analysis was used to find critical pathways for 2 independent macrophage and B. suis interaction data sets. Results:The results demonstrated that for S1330 data sets, 8 and 13 common up-and down-regulated pathways were found in 4 interaction stages including 4h, 8h, 24h, and 48h post macrophage infected S1330 B. suis, and for VTRS1 data sets, we found 30 and 19 common up-and down-regulated pathways. Comparing the results of S1330 and VTRS1 data sets, 6 and 8 common up-and downregulated pathways were identified. Conclusions:The study of macrophage and B. suis interaction through pathway analysis highlighted genes weakly connected to the phenotype, and discovered common critical pathways in the process of macrophages and different phenotypes of B. suis interaction. The identified pathways will shed light on the understanding of the functional events within macrophage post infected B. suis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Gene Expression Analysis within Mouse Macrophage for Identifying Critical Pathways in Macrophage and Brucella suis Interaction

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2017

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…This impairment of the mental status became even more important in view of recent findings that protease inhibitors, which are the major components of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), may cause glucose intolerance and often lead to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (124, 125). Two potential mechanisms are associated with this unexpected metabolic impairment: (i) direct interaction between protease inhibitors and glucose transporter GLUT4 (126); and (ii) interference with cellular retinoic acid binding protein type I (CRABP-I), which in normal circumstances is expected to support PPARγ–mediated downregulation of free fatty acids and TNFα (127, 128).…”

Section: Igf-ir In Neurodegenerative Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two potential mechanisms are associated with this unexpected metabolic impairment: (i) direct interaction between protease inhibitors and glucose transporter GLUT4 (126); and (ii) interference with cellular retinoic acid binding protein type I (CRABP-I), which in normal circumstances is expected to support PPARγ–mediated downregulation of free fatty acids and TNFα (127, 128). As a result of this HIV -associated metabolic abnormality, insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes may develop, leading to weight loss, atypical fat distribution (125), and later to serious organ damage, which includes eyes, kidneys, peripheral nervous system and the brain (129). The slowly progressing alterations in cerebral function and structure that occur in diabetes are often referred as diabetic encephalopathy.…”

Section: Igf-ir In Neurodegenerative Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

IGF-IR in neuroprotection and brain tumors

Gualco

Jy²,

Valle³

et al. 2009

Front Biosci

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The IGF-IR is a multifunctional tyrosine kinase receptor involved in several biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, DNA repair, and cell survival. In the brain IGF-I plays a critical role during embryonic and early postnatal development. In the mature brain, IGF-I binding sites have been found in different regions of the brain, and multiple reports confirmed a strong neuroprotective action of the IGF-IR against different pro-apoptotic insults. When the IGF-IR signaling system is insufficiently deployed, either by low level of expression in elderly individuals, or by the inhibition associated with inflammatory cytokines, neuronal function and survival could be compromised. The examples of such CNS pathologies include HIV associated dementia, diabetic neuropathies, and Alzheimer’s disease. On the other hand, elevated expression activity of the IGF-IR may support uncontrolled cell proliferation and protection from apoptosis. Probably the best example of the IGF-IR involvement in brain tumors is medulloblastomas in which functional cooperation between viral oncoprotein, JC virus large T-antigen, and IGF-IR has been recently established. Therefore, better understanding of the beneficial and potentially harmful aspects of the IGF-IR can be critical for the development of new clinical regimens against neurodegenerative disorders and brain tumors.

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“…Increased levels of intrahepatic tumour necrosis factor and hepatic steatosis leads to insulin resistance and diabetes, even in patients not on HAART therapy (1). The major contributor to hyperglycemia in HIV/AIDS however, is drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and metabolic complications among patients with HIV and AIDS

Weerakkody

Buddhakorala²,

Somasundaram

2014

Sri Lanka J. Diabetes Endocrinol. Metab.

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HIV infection, as well as its treatment with highly active retroviral therapy (HAART), is associated with a number of metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and dyslipidaemia. The aim of this descriptive cross sectional study was to describe the prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, dyslipidaemia and obesity among patients with HIV or AIDS who were followed up at the National Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) campaign in the year 2010, and to assess the associated factors.A total of 268 patients were evaluated of which 57.8% were male. Fifty six percent were on HAART therapy. Eighteen patients (6.7%) were diabetics and forty nine (18.3%) had impaired fasting glucose. Only about 40% of the diabetic patients were followed up regularly. About 20% of the patients had high total cholesterol levels (>240mg/dl) and only 24.4% patients had an optimal LDL cholesterol level of <100 mg/dl. 15.3% of the patients had high serum triglyceride levels (200-499mg/dl) and 1.9% had very high triglyceride levels (>500 mg/dl). Fourteen percent of the patients were overweight and 18.2% of the patients were obese according to the WHO criteria for body mass index for Asians. Being on HAART therapy was significantly associated with having high total cholesterol levels, high LDL cholesterol levels and high triglyceride cholesterol levels but not with elevated blood glucose values in the X 2 test (p<0.05). The mean total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also significantly different among HAART users and non users. Having HIV for more than 3.1 years (more than the median) and duration of HAART therapy for more than 1.9 years (more than the median) were also significantly associated with high total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels (p<0.05).Metabolic abnormalities are common among HIV infected persons and some of them are associated with the duration of HIV and the use of HAART therapy.

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Disorders of glucose metabolism in the context of human immunodeficiency virus infection

Abstract: If left untreated, patients are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and complications associated with untreated diabetes.

Cited by 25 publications

References 63 publications

Comparative Gene Expression Analysis within Mouse Macrophage for Identifying Critical Pathways in Macrophage and Brucella suis Interaction

Comparative Gene Expression Analysis within Mouse Macrophage for Identifying Critical Pathways in Macrophage and Brucella suis Interaction

IGF-IR in neuroprotection and brain tumors

Diabetes and metabolic complications among patients with HIV and AIDS

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