Disorders of Sheep and Goats

Moeller, Robert B.

doi:10.1002/9781119949053.ch3

Cited by 11 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Lesions include petechiae in the mouth (particularly the ventral tongue), enlarged peripheral lymph nodes, ascites, splenomegaly, dermatitis, large and coarsely nodular livers, and small thymuses surrounded by edema and hemorrhages. 122,125 Abortion in cattle is uncommon to rare. Diagnosis requires compatible lesions and herd history in addition to elimination of other causes.…”

Section: Histophilus Somni (Formerly Haemophilus Somnus) Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Disease and Abortion

Baumgartner

2014

Bovine Reproduction

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Section: Histophilus Somni (Formerly Haemophilus Somnus) Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Disease and Abortion

Baumgartner

2014

Bovine Reproduction

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“…Recognized methods for the identification of T. gondii in aborted fetuses and placental tissue are immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PCR. 1,34 IHC is valuable for the visualization of T. gondii stages and antigenic residues within ovine tissue sections, even in tissue exhibiting a degree of decomposition, which typically is present in abortion material. 48 Moreover, conventional and real-time PCR (rtPCR)-based assays have been developed for the detection of T. gondii in ovine abortions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative aspects of laboratory testing for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii and its differentiation from Neospora caninum as the etiologic agent of ovine abortion

Sommer¹,

Scuda²,

Matiasek³

et al. 2020

J VET Diagn Invest

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Histologic examination of aborted material is an essential component in the diagnosis of ovine toxoplasmosis. However, the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in histologic sections, and its differentiation from the closely related protozoan Neospora caninum, is challenging. We developed a chromogenic in situ hybridization (ISH) assay for the identification of T. gondii in paraffin-embedded tissue samples. We examined retrospectively the archived placental tissue of 200 sheep abortion submissions for the presence of T. gondii by immunohistochemistry (IHC), ISH, and real-time PCR (rtPCR). All placental samples that tested positive for T. gondii by rtPCR (9 of 200) were also positive by IHC, with inconclusive IHC staining in an additional 7 rtPCR-negative cases. Further testing for N. caninum of all 200 placentas by rtPCR revealed 7 Neospora-positive cases. T. gondii ISH was positive in 4 of 9 IHC-positive samples and 1 of the 7 N. caninum rtPCR-positive samples. Real-time PCR was used as the reference standard for specificity and sensitivity calculations regarding placenta samples. Specificity of ISH and IHC was 99% and 96–100%, respectively. The sensitivity of ISH (44%) was quite low compared to IHC (100%). The exclusive use of ISH for the detection of T. gondii, and thus for the diagnosis of ovine toxoplasmosis, was not acceptable. However, combined with rtPCR, both ISH and IHC can be useful detection methods to improve histologic evaluation by visualizing the parasite within tissue sections.

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“…often leads to late-term abortions, stillbirths, or the birth of weak lambs. 12 When Campylobacter infection occurs initially within a flock, naive ewes are exposed to, and get infected by, large numbers of Campylobacter spp. from abortion material, resulting in an abortion storm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…from abortion material, resulting in an abortion storm. 12 Histologically, the typical finding is suppurative necrotizing placentitis with intracellular bacteria distending the trophoblasts and invading the chorionic villus stroma. 12 Once the agent has crossed the placental barrier, suppurative bronchopneumonia and multifocal necrotizing hepatitis are further common lesions seen on histologic examination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization in species-specific diagnosis of ovine Campylobacter abortions

et al. 2020

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Campylobacter infection is a leading cause of ovine abortion worldwide. Campylobacter fetus and C. jejuni are the major species involved. We report herein on abortion storms in 4 Danish sheep flocks. Initially, no pathogenic bacteria were isolated from placental and fetal tissues on aerobic and selective media despite the presence of severe suppurative and necrotizing placentitis with numerous bacteria located intracellularly in trophoblasts. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was then applied on abortion material from 13 cases; species-specific oligonucleotide probes directed against either C. fetus or C. jejuni were used in combination with a general bacterial probe. C. fetus was detected as the only lesion-associated bacterial species in 4 cases from 2 flocks, and C. jejuni in 6 cases from the other 2 flocks, thereby establishing the likely etiology of the abortion storms in all 4 flocks. FISH is a useful detection tool in culture-negative cases with tissue lesions suggestive of bacterial infection. Furthermore, FISH is a fast and economical method to detect and identify the zoonotic agent Campylobacter within ovine abortion material.

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Disorders of Sheep and Goats

Cited by 11 publications

References 89 publications

Fetal Disease and Abortion

Fetal Disease and Abortion

Comparative aspects of laboratory testing for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii and its differentiation from Neospora caninum as the etiologic agent of ovine abortion

Fluorescence in situ hybridization in species-specific diagnosis of ovine Campylobacter abortions

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