Disorders That Mimic Central Nervous System Infections

Marcaida, Joy Antonelle de; Reik, Louis

doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70172-9

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 200 publications

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“…Cerebrospinal fluid Gram's stain and culture are negative, and the symptoms resolve promptly when the offending medication is discontinued. 9 Herpes simplex virus encephalitis is in the differential diagnosis in any patient with fever and headache. In the majority of patients with herpes simplex virus encephalitis, on fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion-weighted MRI sequences within 48 hours of symptom onset, there will be a hyperintensity in the inferior and medial temporal lobe.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System

Roos

2015

CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology

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Bacterial infections of the central nervous system are a neurological emergency. Prompt recognition and treatment are not only essential to prevent mortality but also to decrease neurological sequelae. This chapter will focus on the two most common central nervous system bacterial infections, bacterial meningitis and spinal epidural abscess. The eradication of the pathogen with antimicrobial therapy is the easy part. It is the recognition of the disorder, the understanding of the diagnostic studies and their limitations, and the management of the neurological complications that requires the expertise of a neurologist.

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Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System

Roos

2015

CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology

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“…This list includes drug-induced and chemical meningitis, allergic or hypersensitivity reactions, and leptomeningeal spread of disease, among others [18]. It is important to remember that treatment regimens themselves, including chemotherapeutic agents and medications used to treat symptoms of pain, nausea, and emesis, can also cause signs or symptoms that can be confused with CNS infections.…”

Section: Mimics Of Cns Infection In Cancer Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The list of potential medications causing this syndrome also includes antibiotics, most commonly trimethoprim or sulfonamides, but also beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and isoniazid [18]. Immunomodulatory agents such intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), antithymocyte globulin, and OKT3 can also cause aseptic meningitis [19].…”

Section: Drug-induced Meningitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Infections in Cancer Patients and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Hoffman

Stosor

2014

Cancer Treatment and Research

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Central nervous system (CNS) infections in cancer patients present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians. While CNS infections are not frequent complications of cancer, its therapies, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the importance of CNS infections lies in their propensity to result in profound morbidity and substantial mortality in this vulnerable patient population. With an expanding population of patients with malignant disease undergoing more potent and aggressive therapies and with the advent of newer immunomodulatory agents, the incidence of CNS infectious complications is likely to rise. This chapter will summarize the clinical and diagnostic evaluation of potential infections of the CNS in these patients and will discuss particular pathogens of interest with regard to this at-risk patient population.

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“…However, about one third of cases are thought to be immune-mediated, such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or limbic encephalitis, with a clinical presentation similar to infectious encephalitis [1,5]. Despite extensive laboratory diagnostic testing for infectious or other etiologies of encephalitis, the underlying cause often remains unknown [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Encephalitis-Associated Deaths in the United States, 1999-2008

et al. 2014

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Background: While encephalitis may be caused by numerous infectious, immune and toxic processes, the etiology often remains unknown. Methods: We analyzed multiple cause-of-death mortality data during 1999-2008 for the USA, using the 10th revision of International Classification of Diseases codes for encephalitis, listed anywhere on the death record, including ‘specified' and ‘unspecified' encephalitis. Annual and average annual age-adjusted and age-specific death rates were calculated. Results: For 1999-2008, 12,526 encephalitis-associated deaths were reported with 68.5% as unspecified encephalitis. The average annual age-adjusted encephalitis-associated death rate was 4.3 per 1 million persons, 1.3 for specified and 2.9 for unspecified encephalitis. Annual encephalitis-associated death rates had a significant downward trend (p < 0.01). The most common specified encephalitis deaths were herpesviral encephalitis (36.7%), Toxoplasma meningoencephalitis (27.8%) and Listeria meningitis/meningoencephaltis (6.8%). HIV was colisted with 15.0% of encephalitis-associated deaths, 58.4% of these with a specified code. Conclusion: Encephalitis-associated death rates decreased during 1999-2008, and herpesvirus was the most commonly identified infectious agent associated with encephalitis deaths. The high proportion of unspecified encephalitis deaths highlights the continued challenge of laboratory confirmation for causes of encephalitis and the importance of monitoring trends to assess the impact of new diagnostics and guide potential interventions.

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Disorders That Mimic Central Nervous System Infections

Cited by 32 publications

References 200 publications

Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System

Central Nervous System Infections in Cancer Patients and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Trends in Encephalitis-Associated Deaths in the United States, 1999-2008

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