Disparate Effects of Prostaglandins on Basal and Gonadotropin-Stimulated Progesterone Production by Luteal Cells Isolated from Rhesus Monkeys during the Menstrual Cycle and Pregnancy

A non-hormonal model for emergency contraception: prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor effects on luteal function and lifespan, a pilot study

“…However, we did not find a shorter menstrual cycle with daily administration of a PTGS2 but a trend towards a longer menstrual cycle with either a delay in the rise or no rise in luteal phase P levels. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that prostaglandin synthesis is critical for luteal development [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Unfortunately, our study design did not allow us to discriminate if its action was pre-ovulatory, post-ovulatory, or both.…”

“…Prostaglandins have been shown to play a critical role in ovulation as well as the formation and/or maintenance of the corpus luteum [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Thus, inhibition of their synthesis or action may serve as an effective contraceptive prior to and after fertilization by blocking ovulation and implantation, respectively.…”

Effect of prostaglandins on luteal function during early pregnancy in pigs

“…A similar antagonistic effect of PGE2 on human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation of luteal cells from rhesus monkeys has been reported (Stouffer et al, 1979). Finally, LH and PGF2(1 interact in large luteal cells of cows to produce Ca2 + concentrations that are higher than the sum of Ca2+ produced by each hormone separately (Alila et ai, 1989).…”

Direct effects of the prostaglandins E2 and f2alpha on progesterone release by the corpus luteum of the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) studied by in vitro microdialysis

“…An antigonadotrophic action of PGF 2 has also been described in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells (Michael & Webley 1991a,b) and cultured slices of human luteal tissue, in which it appeared to be restricted to mid- (Hamberger et al 1979, Dennefors et al 1982 or mid-tolate luteal phases (Patwardhan & Lanthier 1984). In contrast, PGF 2 did not show any antigonadotrophic, but some luteotrophic, effect in cultures of enzymatically dispersed suspensions or monolayers of luteal cells isolated at the mid-luteal phase in women (Richardson & Masson 1980, Endo et al 1992, rhesus (Stouffer et al 1979) and marmoset monkeys. Although both luteolytic and luteotrophic effects of PGF 2 in luteal tissue/cells and in granulosa luteal cells are suggested to be mediated by activation of PKC (Michael & Webley 1991a, Endo et al 1992, this apparent use of the same pathway leading to an opposite hormonal response has not been investigated further.…”

“…Production of both luteotrophic and luteolytic PGs and expression of specific PG binding sites have been verified in the corpora lutea of non-primate (reviewed in Auletta & Flint 1988, Knickerbocker et al 1988, Poyser 1992) and primate species (Challis et al 1976, Patwardhan & Lanthier 1980, Johnson et al 1988, Sargent et al 1988, Houmard & Ottobre 1989, Fisch et al 1994. In women and non-human primates, stimulation of progesterone secretion has been demonstrated for PG E 2 (PGE 2 ) in vivo and in vitro (Stouffer et al 1979) and has been shown to be mediated by c-AMP (Hamberger et al 1979, Dennefors et al 1982, Hahlin et al 1988. In contrast, PG F 2 (PGF 2 ) has been shown to reduce the concentration of progesterone released by luteal tissue in vivo (Auletta et al 1984, Sargent et al 1988, Auletta & Kelm 1994 and in vitro (Hamberger et al 1979, Dennefors et al 1982, Patwardhan & Lanthier 1984, Auletta et al 1995 via stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC) independently of c-AMP (Endo et al 1992.…”