Disparate movement behavior and feeding ecology in sympatric ecotypes of Atlantic cod

Kristensen, Martin Lykke; Olsen, Esben Moland; Moland, Even; Knutsen, Halvor; Grønkjær, Peter; Koed, Anders; Källo, Kristi; Aarestrup, Kim

doi:10.1002/ece3.7939

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…The offshore-coastal divergences in beaked redfish, European seabass, and European anchovy are also associated with differences in depth distribution, as well as salinity tolerance (Allegrucci et al, 1997;Cadrin et al, 2010;Le Moan et al, 2016). The apparent utilisation of different depth strata may also be connected to differences in prey choice between the two cod ecotypes, which have been suggested for cod in Norwegian fjords (Kristensen et al, 2021).…”

Section: Ecotype Distributionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In Norwegian fjords, local populations genetically similar to, but distinct from, cod from the Kattegat and Öresund have been identified (Barth et al, 2019), and both local spawning (Espeland et al, 2007;Jorde, Synnes et al, 2018) and highly resident behaviour (Knutsen et al, 2011;Kristensen et al, 2021) have been documented. Local spawning could potentially explain the dominance of coastal ecotype juveniles in the innermost portions of Swedish fjords (Färlevfjorden and Saltkällefjorden in particular, but also Åbyfjorden, Brofjorden, and Havstensfjorden).…”

Section: Local Coastal Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second ecotype, referred to as “fjord cod” in Norway and “coastal cod” in Sweden, is genetically similar to cod in the southern Kattegat and Öresund and is more common in the southern Kattegat and inshore coastal Skagerrak (Knutsen et al ., 2018; Hemmer-Hansen et al ., 2020). The coastal ecotype displays more resident behaviour and does not appear to undertake long-range migrations during the spawning season (Knutsen et al ., 2011; Kristensen et al ., 2021). The two ecotypes in the Skagerrak and Kattegat coexist on multiple spatial scales, but show differences in growth rate (Jørgensen et al 2020), behaviour (Kristensen et al 2021), and geographical distribution (Knutsen et al 2018; Hemmer-Hansen et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coastal ecotype displays more resident behaviour and does not appear to undertake long-range migrations during the spawning season (Knutsen et al ., 2011; Kristensen et al ., 2021). The two ecotypes in the Skagerrak and Kattegat coexist on multiple spatial scales, but show differences in growth rate (Jørgensen et al 2020), behaviour (Kristensen et al 2021), and geographical distribution (Knutsen et al 2018; Hemmer-Hansen et al ., 2020). In addition, the ecotypes are genetically differentiated at both neutral (Knutsen et al ., 2011) and potentially adaptive loci (Barth et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixed origin of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) along the Swedish west coast

Henriksson

Pereyra

Sodeland

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cryptic population structure in exploited fish species poses a major challenge for fisheries management. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a species in which the presence of sympatric ecotypes has been known for a long time, for instance off the coast of Northern Norway. More recently, two sympatric ecotypes of cod have also been documented in the Skagerrak and Kattegat; one ecotype is of an apparent offshore origin and undertakes spawning migrations to the North Sea, and the other is resident at the coast throughout its life. However, their relative contributions of juveniles to the Swedish west coast remain poorly understood. The lack of adult cod along the Skagerrak and Kattegat coasts in recent years has led to the hypothesis that the offshore ecotype is the main source of juveniles to the area, but recent studies have shown large proportions of coastal cod inside Norwegian Skagerrak fjords. In this study, juvenile cod were collected at a high spatial resolution along the Swedish west coast, and genetically assigned to each of the two ecotypes. The results reveal that there is a considerable proportion of juvenile coastal cod in the southern Kattegat, Öresund, and in inshore Swedish Skagerrak, but that the offshore ecotype dominates in offshore areas. Model selection suggests that differences in bottom depth, rather than distance from the open sea, may explain the heterogenous spatial distribution of the two ecotypes. In addition, the two ecotypes displayed differences at loci known to be associated with environmental adaptation, suggesting that their spatial distribution is maintained by natural selection in response to specific environmental conditions.

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Section: Ecotype Distributionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Local Coastal Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mixed origin of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) along the Swedish west coast

Henriksson

Pereyra

Sodeland

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…It is unclear what the regionally diverged coastal group in the southwestern fjords represents, but there are some possibilities: First, these fish could represent local lumpfish ecotypes. Fjord ecotypes have been described for other fish species such as Atlantic cod (Knutsen et al, 2018a), and are likely upheld by innate differences in feeding and movement ecologies (Kristensen et al, 2021). The ecotype hypothesis is supported by a recent field observation from Hardangerfjord, where lumpfish of all sizes were recorded during the breeding time when fish of intermediate sizes are not expected (C. Durif, personal observation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, regional, and cryptic population structure in a high gene-flow transatlantic fish

Jansson

Faust

Bekkevold

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) is a transatlantic marine fish displaying large population sizes and a high potential for dispersal and gene-flow. These features are expected to result in weak population structure. Here, we investigated population genetic structure of lumpfish throughout its natural distribution in the North Atlantic using two approaches: I) 4393 genome wide SNPs and 95 individuals from 10 locations, and II) 139 discriminatory SNPs and 1,669 individuals from 40 locations. Both approaches identified extensive population genetic structuring with a major split between the East and West Atlantic and a distinct Baltic Sea population, as well as further differentiation of lumpfish from the English Channel, Iceland, and Greenland. The targeted discriminatory loci displayed ~2-5 times higher divergence than the genome wide approach, revealing further evidence of local population substructures. Lumpfish from Isfjorden in Svalbard were highly distinct but resembled most fish from Greenland. The Kattegat area in the Baltic transition zone, formed a previously undescribed distinct genetic group. Also, further subdivision was detected within North America, Iceland, West Greenland, Barents Sea, and Norway. Although lumpfish have considerable potential for dispersal and gene-flow, the observed high levels of population structuring throughout the Atlantic suggests that this species displays natal homing and potentially local populations with adaptive differences. This fine-scale population structure calls for consideration when defining management units for lumpfish fishing stocks and in decisions related to sourcing and moving lumpfish for farming and cleaner fish use.

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Sea trout (Salmo trutta) activity and movement patterns in response to environmental cues in a fjord system

Staveley,

van der Meijs,

Gullström

2024

Aquaculture Fish & Fisheries

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As a predatory fish that migrates between freshwater and marine environments, the sea trout (Salmo trutta) is important in linking these systems. This study investigated movement patterns of sea trout in a coastal fjord at the Swedish Skagerrak region from August 2018 to January 2019, using acoustic telemetry, while assessing these against environmental variables across different spatial and temporal scales. Six acoustic receivers were deployed in the fjord and a river, which flows into the upper reaches of the fjord, with the aim of detecting 20 sea trout that had been tagged with acoustic transmitters. Sea surface temperature and winds (east–west) affected movement patterns of the sea trout the most, while changes in atmospheric pressure were also important, but to a lesser extent. Sea surface temperature and atmospheric pressure both had a positive relationship with the number of detections, whereas stronger winds from the east (i.e. from land) resulted in more detections than stronger winds from the west (i.e. from the ocean). In addition, interesting diel (day–night) movement patterns were observed for some fish. A significant positive correlation was also discovered between the weight of the fish and the number of detections. This study offers insight in movements of sea trout that use coastal habitats and how environmental conditions can affect movement patterns in a fjord system. To further our understanding of sea trout movement patterns and connectivity, tracking from river, through fjord, out to sea and at a longer time scale with more variation in fish size would be valuable to understand more about the complex movement dynamics of this important species.

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Disparate movement behavior and feeding ecology in sympatric ecotypes of Atlantic cod

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 21 publications

References 58 publications

Mixed origin of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) along the Swedish west coast

Mixed origin of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) along the Swedish west coast

Global, regional, and cryptic population structure in a high gene-flow transatlantic fish

Sea trout (Salmo trutta) activity and movement patterns in response to environmental cues in a fjord system

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