Dispersal: Ballooning and Other Mechanisms

Decae, Arthur E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71552-5_26

Cited by 55 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…However, a recent study by Lee et al (2004) on population genetic structure of N. pilipes in Taiwan and neighboring islands suggested that the populations were not isolated. Instead, owing to the excellent aerial dispersal by the ballooning ability of N. pilipes similar to those of other orb weavers (Dean and Sterling, 1985;Decae, 1987;Greenstone et al, 1987), there were strong gene flows even between populations across high mountain ranges (4000·m) and oceans. Therefore, the level of gene flow should be rather high and local population divergence is unlikely to occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Giant wood spider Nephila pilipes alters silk protein in response to prey variation

Tso

Hwang

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Recent studies have demonstrated that orb-weaving spiders may alter web structures, foraging localities or silk output in response to prey variations. In this study we conducted field surveys and food manipulations to examine whether orb-weaving spiders may also adjust the protein of silk to prey variations. A comparison of dragline silks collected from nine giant wood spider Nephila pilipes populations in Taiwan showed a spatial variation. The percentage of all amino acids (except alanine and glycine)exhibited significant differences among populations. A survey of prey composition also revealed a significant spatial variation among N. pilipes populations. To determine whether prey variation was responsible for silk protein variation, we fed N. pilipes with different types of prey (dipteran vs orthopteran) then compared the percentage of five major dragline amino acids and secondary structures. The results showed that dragline of N. pilipes fed with orthopteran prey contained significantly higher proline and glutamine but lower alanine. Congruent with this result were those from FTIR spectroscopy, which showed that dragline of N. pilipes fed with crickets exhibited significantly higher percentage of proline- and glutamine-containing β turns, and lower percentage of alanine-containing β sheet structures. Since the results of feeding manipulations showed that diet significantly affected the compositions of dragline silks, the observed spatial variation seemed to reflect the different types of prey these spiders had consumed. Results of this study thus indicated that orb-weaving spiders can alter dragline protein in response to prey variations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Giant wood spider Nephila pilipes alters silk protein in response to prey variation

Tso

Hwang

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…El mayor recambio entre primavera y otoño-verano en bosques y entre primavera y otoño en pastizales podría estar relacionado a las historias de vida de las especies (Strehlow et al 2004). Parte del recambio de especies entre estaciones también podría estar relacionado a la distinta preferencia que algunas especies parecen tener por los bosques o pastizales en distintas estaciones del año ), a las condiciones climáticas y factores microclimáticos imperantes (Strehlow et al 2004) y a los procesos estocásticos de dispersión de las arañas (Decae 1987). Estadísticamente, estos cambios también podrían estar relacionados a la gran cantidad de especies raras obtenidas y la mayor o menor probabilidad que hubo de capturarlas Figura 2.…”

Section: Diversidad Beta Temporalunclassified

“…La mayoría de las arañas Migalomorphae se caracterizan por mostrar especificidad de hábitats y dispersarse muy poco (Decae 1987, Ferretti et al 2014. Debido a estas tendencias presentan vulnerabilidad a los disturbios ambientales causados por los humanos, por lo que generalmente no se encuentran en ambientes modificados (Avalos et al 2007, Almada et al 2012.…”

Section: Conservaciónunclassified

Diversidad estacional de arañas en una reserva natural del Espinal en Corrientes, Argentina

Nadal¹,

Achitte-Schmutzler²,

Zanone³

et al. 2018

Caldasia

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Ecología Diversidad estacional de arañas en una reserva natural delEspinal en Corrientes, Argentina nadal@gmail.com* ceciliaachitte@hotmail.com, ivo.zanone@gmail.com, pamelagonzalez052@ gmail.com, gilbertoa@exa.unne.edu.ar *Autor para correspondencia. RESUMENEvaluar la diversidad de arañas es necesario para la conservación de la naturaleza ya que cumplen un rol importante en los ecosistemas como reguladoras de las poblaciones de insectos y son buenas indicadoras de calidad ambiental. La reserva contemplada en este estudio es singular dentro de la llanura del Espinal debido a sus afloramientos rocosos, que contienen una gran diversidad de especies, varias de ellas de carácter endémico. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron crear un inventario, describir la diversidad taxonómica y funcional del orden Araneae en bosques y pastizales en función de las estaciones climáticas. Los muestreos se realizaron mediante tamizado de hojarasca, golpeteo de follaje, aspirado de pastizal y captura directa nocturna. Para cada ambiente se calcularon índices de diversidad alfa y beta temporal y se probó el modelo de distribución de abundancia. Se identificaron 224 especies/ morfoespecies. Theridiidae fue la familia con mayor riqueza y el gremio Constructoras de Telas Orbiculares el más abundante. Los índices de diversidad, dominancia y equidad mostraron diferencias significativas entre las estaciones cálidas y frías para bosques y pastizales, la distribución de abundancia de las especies se ajustó al modelo de distribución log-normal y la similitud de especies entre estaciones no superó el 41 %. Los resultados de este estudio aportan datos preliminares sobre los patrones estacionales de la comunidad de Araneae. Se reportan nuevas especies de arañas para Argentina, muchas ellas con registros escasos y aislados en Sudamérica, así como especies de importancia ecológica.Palabras Clave. Arañas, comunidad, gremios, reserva privada, estaciones climáticas. ABSTRACTAssessing the spider's diversity is necessary for the conservation of nature since they play an important role in ecosystems as regulators of insect populations and are good indicators of environmental quality. The reserve contemplated in this study is unique within the Espinal's plain due to its rocky outcrops, which contain great species diversity, several of them endemic. The objectives of this work were to create an inventory, describe the taxonomic and functional diversity of the Araneae order in the reserve's forests and grasslands according to the climatic seasons. The samplings were carried out by leaf litter sieving, foliage beating, grassland aspirate and nocturnal direct capture. For each environment, alpha and beta diversity indices were calculated and the abundance distribution model was tested. In total 224 species/morphospecies were identified. Theridiidae was the richest family and the Orbicular Webs Builders guild was the most abundant. Diversity, dominance and equitability indices showed significant differences between warm and cold seasons for forests and grass...

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“…Mygalomorphs usually disperse over short distances on land (a few meters away) by walking (e.g. Decae, 1987;Reichling, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat use, but not dispersal limitation, as the mechanism behind the aggregated population structure of the mygalomorph species Atypus affinis

et al. 2012

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International audienceDispersal and habitat selection are the main factors that affect the distribution of species in spatially structured habitat. Species typically occurring in an aggregated way are supposed to experience dispersal limitation or to be highly selective for specific habitat attributes in their environment. In order to understand the distribution pattern of a mygalomorph spider species, Atypus affinis, we conducted an intensive survey to detect correlations of spider densities with specific habitat variables and empirically tested the dispersal propensity of spiderlings. In the field, the spiders exhibited an aggregated distribution correlated with patches of heathlands (dominated by Calluna vulgaris). Contrary to our expectations, laboratory experiments revealed a very high dispersal propensity in juveniles (more than 80% of individuals dispersed at least once during two experiments). This dispersal was strongly context dependent with a pronounced negative effect of starvation and a positive effect of clutch size. Kin competition is hypothezised to be the driving force behind these high dispersal abilities. The aggregation of A. affinis is a likely result of habitat use rather than dispersal limitation

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Dispersal: Ballooning and Other Mechanisms

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Giant wood spider Nephila pilipes alters silk protein in response to prey variation

Giant wood spider Nephila pilipes alters silk protein in response to prey variation

Diversidad estacional de arañas en una reserva natural del Espinal en Corrientes, Argentina

Habitat use, but not dispersal limitation, as the mechanism behind the aggregated population structure of the mygalomorph species Atypus affinis

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