Dispersal of the Apple Maggot

Phipps, C. R.; Dirks, C. O.

doi:10.1093/jee/25.3.576

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Our finding that flies are drawn out of a patch toward an odour-emitting source bears on the observations of several authors (e.g. Phipps & Dirks, 1932, 1933Bourne et al, 1934) that fruit in border rows in apple orchards consistently show greater R.pornonella infestation than trees in the centre. Presumably, flies emerging elsewhere are drawn into the orchard by the apple volatiles.…”

Section: Control Tacticssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Our observations on movement patterns of R.pomonella in response to apple volatiles fill in some gaps in a larger picture of population dispersal presented by other authors. Phipps & Dirks (1932, 1933 and Bourne er al. (1934), in a series of mark-recapture studies, concluded that R.pomonella move into apple orchards from adjacent abandoned apple trees and that fruit in border rows may be more heavily damaged than fruit in the middle of a block.…”

Section: Movement Patternsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…They also speculated that dispersal is often a gradual process, with flies moving from tree to tree in accordance with seasonal change in varietal preference, and that wind spreads flies in many directions. Phipps & Dirks (1932, 1933 noted that two environmental factors (rain, low temperatures) and two physical factors (natural barriers such as hedges and artificial barriers such as buildings) probably exert an inhibiting effect upon R.pomonella dispersal.…”

Section: Movement Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Host Search behaviour by Rhagoletis pomonella files: inter‐tree movement patterns in response to wind‐borne fruit volatiles under filed conditions

Aluja

Prokopy

1992

Physiological Entomology

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Abstract. Responses of Rhagoletis pomonella (Wash) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to synthetic host fruit violates were studied in the field. Individually marked females were released in the centre of a 25 m2 patch containing twenty‐five host trees (Crataegus mollis var, toba) and followed as they moved within and between trees. Fly response to three experimental conditions was studied: (1) ‘clean’ air; (2) synthetic host fruit violates (apple) permeating the patch; and (3) a single point source of odour placed c 1m away from the edge of the patch. Files in a patch permeated with host odour moved faster, exhibited more straightened‐out moves, and reached the edges of the patch more quickly than those exposed to clean air. Flies exposed to a point source of odour exhibited clear orientation responses, arriving consistently at the tree harbouring the source of odour. Odour exposure was intermittent and usually brief (c. 20s‐1 exposure) with intervals between exposure periods averaging 103s. Wind speed and direction were highly variable. Flies moved during wind ranging in speed form 0.5 to 4.4 m s‐1, with their activity being greatest at winds below 2m s‐1. Strong winds (>3.5 ms‐1) either arrested movement or enhanced downwind displacement. Our observations tend to support the ‘series‐of‐steps’ hypothesis reviewed by Gibson & Brandy (1985) as a mechanism of close‐range host location (1‐5m from odour source). Our findings are discussed with respect to theoretical and practical implications of insect orientation mechanisms to odours, dispersal, and control strategies.

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Section: Control Tacticssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Movement Patternsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Movement Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host Search behaviour by Rhagoletis pomonella files: inter‐tree movement patterns in response to wind‐borne fruit volatiles under filed conditions

Aluja

Prokopy

1992

Physiological Entomology

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“…However, in the case of two liberations more than half the flies were still found after an interval of z or 3 days, while only just under half were found after 4 days had elapsed. This high proportion of recoveries shows how different the behaviour of the gall-fly must be from that of the related Rhagoletis (Phipps & Dirks, 1932), in which 12% recoveries were made, at distances of 38 to 156 yd. from the point of liberation.…”

Section: (A) the Population Density Of The Gall-flies And Its Bearingmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Natural Control of Population Balance in the Knapweed Gall-Fly (Urophora jaceana)

Varley¹

1947

The Journal of Animal Ecology

182

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All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions * Until I937 the knapweed gall-fly was known in this country as Urophora solstitialis (L.), but it had long been known that continental U. solstitialis was usually a gall-fly of thistles. However, gall-flies bred from the continental knapweed Centaurea jacea were found to differ from the thistle species, and were described as new by Hering (I935) under the name jaceana. Collin (1937) has found that the British specimens from knapweed are in fact jaceana, and not solstitialis. The generic name of the knapweed gall-fly is a point of dispute. Collin (I937) follows Hendel (I927) in accepting

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“…The wide geographical distribution of R. cerasi implies that individuals of isolated populations are bound to experience different ecological conditions (habitat structure and climate), which potentially differentiate their life‐history traits (Stearns, 1992). This is further enhanced by the limited dispersion activity of R. cerasi and the patchy distribution of its hosts (Phillips & Dirks, 1933; Jones & Wallace, 1955; Boller & Prokopy, 1976; Fletcher, 1989; Kneifl, Paprštein & Kňourková, 1997). However, to date, there are sparsely collected data regarding fitness‐related traits for R. cerasi adults (Boller, 1966a; Boller & Prokopy, 1976), and an absolute lack of comparative demographic studies of populations obtained from different geographical areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical variation in adult life-history traits of the European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Moraiti

Nakas

Köppler³

et al. 2012

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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To understand the evolution of local adaptation, the interplay between natural selection and gene flow should be considered. Rhagoletis cerasi L. (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a patchily distributed, stenophagous species of the temperate zone, and the geographical structure of its populations reveals substantial variation in gene flow rates across its distribution range. We studied the demographic components of R. cerasi adults from Greek and German populations by estimating the variability in fitness traits among allopatric populations, as well as among geographically discrete populations, with gene flow. Assuming that body size may exert a profound effect on adult fitness, both thorax and head sizes were considered as covariates in our analyses. Our data demonstrated that females were larger than males in all populations, and adult size varied significantly among populations within groups. Significant differences in a suite of life-history traits of R. cerasi adults were detected among populations with gene flow, whereas there were no consistent differences among allopatric populations. Therefore, the genetic differences among R. cerasi populations, driven mainly by geographical isolation, are poor predictors of variation in the life-history traits of adults.

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Dispersal of the Apple Maggot

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Host Search behaviour by Rhagoletis pomonella files: inter‐tree movement patterns in response to wind‐borne fruit volatiles under filed conditions

Host Search behaviour by Rhagoletis pomonella files: inter‐tree movement patterns in response to wind‐borne fruit volatiles under filed conditions

The Natural Control of Population Balance in the Knapweed Gall-Fly (Urophora jaceana)

Geographical variation in adult life-history traits of the European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae)

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