Dispersal of white spruce seed on Willow Island in interior Alaska.

Youngblood, Andrew; Max, Timothy A.

doi:10.2737/pnw-rp-443

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, in mast years, the sites that were cut the summer before seed cast had much higher levels of stocking than sites that were cut the winter after masting (Table 3). White spruce seed mostly falls by mid-October (Rowe 1955;Youngblood and Max 1992); therefore, in summer-harvested cutblocks, the seed from trees on the perimeter of the block or from scattered trees within the block will fall on substrates disturbed by the summer logging. In contrast, winter-harvested blocks may have had a greater supply of seed already on the ground at the time of logging because of the fact that seed sources within the block would have shed their seed in the months before they were cut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limited range of dispersal of white spruce seed limits the area in which successful natural regeneration can be expected. The deposition of seed declines exponentially away from the seed source (Dobbs 1976;Greene and Johnson 1996), with maximum effective dispersal occurring at about 100-120 m (e.g., Youngblood and Max 1992;Zasada et al 1992), although some longer-range dispersal does occur (Zasada and Lovig 1983;Stewart et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural regeneration of white spruce in aspen-dominated boreal mixedwoods following harvesting

2010

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In some boreal forests sites, there are considerable amounts of natural regeneration of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) after logging, even without silvicultural treatments to encourage establishment. We assessed the factors controlling the amount of this regeneration 8-15 years postharvest on previously aspen-dominated (Populus tremuloides Michx.) boreal mixedwood sites. We surveyed 162 transects across 81 cutovers, exploring the effects of mast years, season of harvest, distribution of seed trees, weather conditions around the time of harvest, and abundance of grass or woody vegetation on white spruce regeneration. Substantial amounts of naturally regenerated white spruce were found; however, sites with no seed trees had virtually no spruce regeneration. Average stocking was 7% (percentage of 9 m 2 plots along a transect across a cutover that had at least one seedling), ranging from 0% to 62%. Stocking levels were higher in cutblocks that had been harvested in the summer, prior to seedfall of a mast year, and where there was a seed source within 60 m. Stocking was lower when conditions were cool and wet the year before and 2 years after harvest and when the site contained extensive cover of grass or woody vegetation.Résumé : Sur certaines stations forestières boréales, il y a une quantité considérable de semis naturels d'épinette blanche (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) à la suite d'une coupe, même sans traitement sylvicole visant à promouvoir leur établisse-ment. Nous avons évalué les facteurs qui déterminent la quantité de cette régénération sur des stations coupées il y a 8 à 15 ans et précédemment occupées par des peuplements mixtes boréaux dominés par le peuplier faux-tremble (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Nous avons établi 162 transects répartis dans 81 aires de coupe pour évaluer les effets des années semencières, de la saison durant laquelle la coupe a eu lieu, de la distribution des semenciers, des conditions climatiques à l'époque de la coupe et de l'abondance de la végétation herbacée et ligneuse sur la régénération d'épinette blanche. Un nombre substantiel de semis naturels d'épinette blanche a été inventorié. Cependant, les stations sans semenciers n'avaient pratiquement pas de régénération d'épinette. Le coefficient de distribution de la régénération était en moyenne de 7 % (pourcentage de placettes de 9 m 2 le long d'un transect établi dans une coupe où il y avait au moins un semis) et variait de 0 % à 62 %. Le coefficient de distribution de la régénération était plus élevé sur les stations récoltées pendant l'été, avant la pluie de graines d'une année semencière et où il y avait une source de semences à moins de 60 m. Le coefficient de distribution de la régénération était plus faible lorsque les conditions climatiques durant l'année précédant la coupe et deux ans après la coupe étaient fraîches et humides et lorsque la station était abondamment couverte de végétation herbacée ou ligneuse.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural regeneration of white spruce in aspen-dominated boreal mixedwoods following harvesting

2010

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“…The literature shows a wide variation of values for the maximum seed production of forest trees (Fenner, 1985(Fenner, , 1992Hester et al, 1991;Schopmeyer, 1974;Siegl, 1990;Willson, 1983;Young and Young, 1992;Youngblood and Max, 1992;Zasada et al, 1978). We decided to use the following maximum number of seeds produced per tree and year: Betula: 120,000; Fagus: 18,000; Picea: 70,000; Pseudotsuga: 60,000; Pinus: 25,000; Quercus: 15,000.…”

Section: Seed Production Dispersal and Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatial interactions between ungulate herbivory and forest management

Krämer¹,

Bruinderink²,

Prins³

2006

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…During mast years, white spruce seeds are wind dispersed, with the greatest number of seeds falling within 100 to 150 m from the source tree [30]. Timoney and Peterson [25] found that in boreal Canada spruce recruitment following clearcutting was poor due to the size of the clearcut (most clearcuts exceeded 100 ha).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beauv.) [3,30,31]. Calamagrostis is the major species of concern as a competitor of white spruce regeneration because it spreads rapidly by belowground rhizomes and restricts white spruce seedlings establishment and growth [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clearcutting and Site Preparation, but Not Planting, Promoted Early Tree Regeneration in Boreal Alaska

Morimoto

Juday

Young

2016

Forests

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Abstract:The stand initiation stage decisively influences future forest structure and composition, particularly in the boreal forest which is a stand replacement disturbance driven system. In boreal Alaska, the conventional forest management paradigm has focused on the production of large-dimension timber, particularly white spruce (Picea glauca). However, energy generation and heating from wood is increasing, and is likely to significantly expand total forest harvest, further shifting management focus to fuelwood production. We evaluated the effects of forest harvest management practices on post-harvest regeneration by examining whether harvest type, site preparation method, and reforestation technique resulted in differences in forest regeneration in terms of species presence, dominance, basal area, and total stem biomass using a stochastic gradient boosting (TreeNet algorithm). We recorded diameter at breast height and height of white spruce, birch (Betula neoalaskana), and aspen (Populus tremuloides) in 726 plots from 30 harvest units, distributed across the various harvest and treatment types, harvest years, harvest sizes, and geographical locations. Our results indicate that management practices suitable/acceptable for woody biomass production differ from the more traditional dimensional timber production from white spruce-focused management. Artificial reforestation does not differ from natural regeneration in obtaining more stems or producing greater biomass. Clearcutting and site preparation increased tree regeneration, basal area, and woody biomass when compared to a partial harvest with no site preparation. Planting of white spruce in the Alaskan boreal forest may only be necessary in some specific circumstances, such as years with no/low white spruce seed crop, or in landscapes depleted of seed trees.

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Dispersal of white spruce seed on Willow Island in interior Alaska.

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Natural regeneration of white spruce in aspen-dominated boreal mixedwoods following harvesting

Natural regeneration of white spruce in aspen-dominated boreal mixedwoods following harvesting

Spatial interactions between ungulate herbivory and forest management

Clearcutting and Site Preparation, but Not Planting, Promoted Early Tree Regeneration in Boreal Alaska

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