Dispersion of Pigments in Rubber—II

Grenquist, Ernst A.

doi:10.1021/ie50235a014

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The globular structure showed only slight changes up to 30 minutes. A considerable aggregation of proteins and resins took place during the heating in connection with bursting of globules, which checks with previous observations published in a study of the vulcanization process under the microscope (9). The double refraction of crude rubber heated for 10 minutes in air at 150°C.…”

Section: Heating In Airsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Microscopical work described in a previous paper (9) indicated that crude, unbroken smoked sheet has its globular structure at least partly destroyed at the plantation during coagulation and sheeting. On mastication the rubber showed a gradual destruction of the globules, and finally, in dead-milled rubber a matrix was observed containing embedded small globules, which seemed capable of more resistance towards disintegration during milling than the larger ones.…”

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confidence: 93%

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Structural Changes during the Processing of Rubber¹

Grenquist¹

1930

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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Section: Heating In Airsupporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 93%

Structural Changes during the Processing of Rubber¹

Grenquist¹

1930

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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“…However, since none of the extracted particles shared similar mechanical properties as paint particles like brittleness39, we suggest the absence of paint particle in the salt samples. Other than plastics, pigments are widely used in other materials like textile, rubber, and fiberglass4041. Van Cauwenberghe et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of microplastics in commercial salts from different countries

Karami

Golieskardi

Choo

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

394

263

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The occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in saltwater bodies is relatively well studied, but nothing is known about their presence in most of the commercial salts that are widely consumed by humans across the globe. Here, we extracted MP-like particles larger than 149 μm from 17 salt brands originating from 8 different countries followed by the identification of their polymer composition using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Microplastics were absent in one brand while others contained between 1 to 10 MPs/Kg of salt. Out of the 72 extracted particles, 41.6% were plastic polymers, 23.6% were pigments, 5.50% were amorphous carbon, and 29.1% remained unidentified. The particle size (mean ± SD) was 515 ± 171 μm. The most common plastic polymers were polypropylene (40.0%) and polyethylene (33.3%). Fragments were the primary form of MPs (63.8%) followed by filaments (25.6%) and films (10.6%). According to our results, the low level of anthropogenic particles intake from the salts (maximum 37 particles per individual per annum) warrants negligible health impacts. However, to better understand the health risks associated with salt consumption, further development in extraction protocols are needed to isolate anthropogenic particles smaller than 149 μm.

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“…The small amount of work reported along this line has yielded contradictory results. Grenquist (7) made the statement that "it was very difficult to disperse the pigments on the mill" when working with acetone-extracted rubber. On the other hand, Parkinson (3) reported that carbon black dispersed just as readily in acetone-extracted rubber as in rubber which had not been extracted.…”

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confidence: 99%