Dispersion polymerization of <i>n</i>‐butyl acrylate

Wang, Danni; Dimonie, Victoria L.; Sudol, E. David; El‐Aasser, M. S.

doi:10.1002/app.10592

Cited by 34 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The PS size can be controlled from 120 to 380 nm by changing the initiator concentration from 1.2 to 38 mM. It is known that the dependence of the final particle size on the initiator concentration is classified into two cases: 11 the case in which the particle size decreases with increasing anionic or neutral initiator concentration, 12,13 and the case in which the particle size shows the reverse trend with increasing cationic initiator concentration. 14,15 The former mechanism is easily understandable, because a large number of nuclei are formed at the initial stage so that the final particle size becomes small for a given amount of monomer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Size and Distribution for Nano-sized Polystyrene Spheres

Yun¹,

Lee²,

Jang³

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Highly monodisperse polystyrene (PS) nanospheres were fabricated by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization in water using styrene, 2,2'-azobis(2-methyl propionamidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA), and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). The size and distribution of the PS nanospheres were systematically investigated in terms of initiator concentration, stabilizer concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, and reactant concentration. With increasing AIBA initiator concentration, PS particle sizes are raised proportionally, and can be controlled from 120 to 380 nm. Particle sizes were reduced with increasing PVP concentration. This decrease occurs because a high PVP concentration leads to a large number of primary nuclei in the early stage of polymerization. When the reaction temperature increased, the sizes of the PS particles decrease slightly. The particles grew quickly during the initial reaction stage (1-3 h) and the growth rate became steady-state after 6 h. The PS sizes approximately doubled when the reactant (styrene, PVP, azo-initiator) concentrations were increased by a factor of eight.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Size and Distribution for Nano-sized Polystyrene Spheres

Yun¹,

Lee²,

Jang³

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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“…A similar morphology was also observed for the X-PBA particles having a gel content of 90%. 42 It seems that the interfacial tensions between the high-gel X-PBA and PSt or even PBA greatly increase when the gel content of the X-PBA reaches a certain level. It was shown elsewhere 42 that the gel content in the X-PBA particles increased rapidly to about 60% with the addition of 1 wt% to 2 wt% AA and then slowly increased to 90% with additional amounts of AA (up to 5 wt%).…”

Section: Seeded Dispersion Polymerization Using X-pba Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…42 The polymerization parameters that influence the particle size and the size distribution were also discussed. The PBA seed particles used here were prepared by dispersion polymerization according to the recipe shown in Table I.…”

Section: Seeded Dispersion Polymerization Of Pba/bamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The details of the effect of different cross linkers on the PBA particles and the measurement of the gel content of the particles are described elsewhere. 42 A series of cross-linked-PBA (X-PBA) seed particles were prepared via dispersion polymerization using allyl acrylate (AA) as a cross linker according to the recipe given in the Table III. The amount of AA was varied from 0.024 to 0.24 g (i.e., 0.2 wt% to 2 wt% based on the monomer).…”

Section: Seeded Dispersion Polymerization Using X-pba Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preparation of micron-size monodisperse poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) particles has been described in a previous paper. 42 The parameters that influence the particle size and distribution were investigated. Some unique features of the PBA dispersion system were discussed and compared with some other dispersion systems such as polystyrene (PSt) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seeded dispersion polymerization

Wang

Dimonie

Sudol

et al. 2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Micron-size poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) and polystyrene (PSt) particles were used as seed in second-stage seeded dispersion polymerizations. The effects of various polymerization parameters on the morphology of the structured particles resulting from the second-stage seeded dispersion polymerizations were studied, and a series of uniform micron-size structured particles was successfully prepared. In addition to the polymerization medium, the type of stabilizer (i.e., the molecular weight of the polyvinylpyrrolidone [PVP] stabilizer) that was used in the seed preparation and the subsequent seeded dispersion polymerization was found to be important. The final outcome of a seeded dispersion polymerization, that is, the morphology of the structured particles and the formation of secondary particles, was found to be primarily governed by thermodynamic factors. It was also found that the latex particles in these dispersion systems are virtually stabilized by the small amount of grafted PVP molecules. The dispersions maintain colloidal stability after repeated washing of the particles, which removes all of the soluble PVP.

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Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Particle Morphology of Aqueous Dispersion of Poly(acrylamide‐acrylatedimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride)

Hu¹,

Zhang²,

Liu³

et al. 2012

Adv Polym Technol

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Amphoteric polyacrylamide was prepared by dispersion polymerization with acrylamide, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride, and acrylate acid as monomers, ammonium sulfate (AS) aqueous solution as a reaction medium, poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride) (PDMC) as a stabilizer, and 2,2 -azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as an initiator. The influence of particle morphology on AmPAM dispersion and other factors and polymerization were investigated. Three crucial factors responsible for particle morphology are the dispersant concentration, sodium chloride concentration, and ionic degree of terpolymer. The ammonium sulfate concentration had relatively less of an effect on particle morphology, but a suitable concentration was necessary to obtain a stable dispersion system. A Correspondence

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Dispersion polymerization of n‐butyl acrylate

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

Controlling Size and Distribution for Nano-sized Polystyrene Spheres

Controlling Size and Distribution for Nano-sized Polystyrene Spheres

Seeded dispersion polymerization

Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Particle Morphology of Aqueous Dispersion of Poly(acrylamide‐acrylatedimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride)

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