Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography–electron capture detection for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in soils

Hu, Jia; Fu, Lingyan; Zhao, Xiaoyan; Liu, Xiujuan; Wang, Huili; Wang, Xuedong; Dai, Liyan

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.055

Cited by 69 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Then, a cloudy solution (water/disperser solvent/extraction solvent) was formed and the analyte was extracted into the interior of the droplets of the extraction solvent. After a very short extraction time (a few seconds), the phase separation was accomplished by centrifugation, and the analyte was sedimented in the bottom and removed by syringe and analyzed by various techniques like gas chromatography (GC) [23,24], liquid chromatography (LC) [25,26], flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS, ETAAS) [27,28], and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) [29] and UV-vis spectrophotometry [30]. Lately, the DLLME combined with high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) was developed for the speciation of mercury in water samples [31], in which the high sensitivity and excellent linear range were attained for Hg 2+ but with high ICP-MS cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of mercury(II) in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and back extraction along with capillary zone electrophoresis

Lü

et al. 2011

Microchim Acta

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We have developed a method for the determination of mercury in water samples that combines dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with backextraction (BE) and detection by capillary zone electrophoresis. DLLME is found to be a simple, cost-effective and rapid method for extraction and preconcentration. The BE procedure is based on the fact that the stability constant of the hydrophilic chelate of Hg(II) with Lcysteine is much larger than that of the respective complex with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol. Factors affecting complex formation and extraction efficiency (such as pH value, concentration of the chelating agent, time of ultrasonication and extraction, and type and quantity of disperser solvent) were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the enrichment factor is 625, and the limit of detection is 0.62 μg L −1 . The calibration plot is linear in the range between 1 and 1,000 μg L −1 (R 2 =0.9991), and the relative standard deviation (RSD, for n=6) is 4.1%. Recoveries were determined with tap water and seawater spiked at levels of 10 and 100 μg L −1 , respectively, and ranged from 86.6% to 95.1%, with corresponding RSDs of 3.95-5.90%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of mercury(II) in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and back extraction along with capillary zone electrophoresis

Lü

et al. 2011

Microchim Acta

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“…It is, therefore, quite a specific mode of detection and offers good sensitivity. Typical urban environmental applications are in the detection of PCBs (Hu et al, 2009), PBDEs (Binelli et al, 2006) and organochlorine pesticides (Li et al, 2008). Because ECD can suffer from interferences, the peak separation needs to be optimized and samples require rigorous clean-up to provide reliable analytical data.…”

Section: Capillary Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Analysis for Urban Geochemical Survey Soil Samples

Harrison

Reeder

2011

Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas

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“…Liquid phase microextraction (LPME), initially introduced by Lucy in 1996, 41,42 has gained high popularity in organic analysis, [43][44][45] because it has incorporated sampling, extraction, concentration and sample introduction into a single virtually solventfree step, and moreover, it has provided high sensitivity and has eliminated the possibility of carry-over effects. From the introduction of the first paper on liquid phase microextraction (LPME), different approaches of LPME such as single drop microextraction (SDME), 46,47 hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), 48 dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), [49][50][51] and solidification of floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) 52,53 have been developed. In SDME, a drop of organic solvent was suspended at the tip of a microsyringe and exposed to the analytical sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of copper in human hair and tea samples after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO)

Bahar

Zakerian

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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proposto é simples, barato e altamente preciso. Neste estudo, a otimização de parâmetros experimentais que influenciam a extração, como tipo e volume dos solventes de extração e do dispersor, pH, quantidade de agente quelante e tempo de extração foi realizada normalmente usando uma abordagem passo-a-passo, na qual cada fator variou sequencialmente. O efeito dos íons interferentes na recuperação dos analitos também foi investigado. O gráfico de calibração foi linear no intervalo de 5-200 ng mL −1 , com limite de detecção de 3,4 ng mL −1. O desvio padrão relativo (RSD) foi 0,7% (n = 10, C = 2 ng mL -1 ) e o fator de enriquecimento, 28.A simple method of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction-solidified floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry was successfully used for separating and preconcentrating copper in human hair and tea samples. The proposed method was simple, cheap, and has high precision. In this study, optimization of experimental parameters influencing the extraction, such as type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents, pH, the amount of chelating agent and extraction time was normally carried out using a step-by-step approach, in which each factor was varied sequentially. The effect of the interfering ions on the analytes recovery was also investigated. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 5-200 ng mL . The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.7% (n = 10, C = 2 ng mL −1 ) and the enhancement factor was 28.Keywords: dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, solidification, copper determination, tea and human hair analysis IntroductionTrace heavy metals are essential micro-nutrients and have a variety of biochemical functions in all living organisms. [1][2][3] Due to the positive and negative effects and the toxicity of trace heavy metals on human health and the environment, many researchers are interested in the analysis of trace metal contents of the environmental and the food samples. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Tea, one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, is prepared from the young leaves of tea plants. It is considered as a healthy drink that has benefits including the prevention of many diseases. [11][12][13] Although copper is an essential trace element for humans and is an indispensable component for many enzyme systems, Cu can also act as a toxic metal to which a number of pathogenic characteristics have been attributed.14 Therefore, Cu contamination in tea leaves remains a concern, and researches should be done to ensure food safety from excessive Cu contamination.The determination of trace elements in human hair is of basic importance considering that the concentrations of these elements in hair can indicate the levels of these elements in the organism. Therefore, the determination of the metal contents in human hair can be used either as the index of the exposition for potentially toxic elements (poisoning) or as the information of the conditions of health of an individual. 15The accurate and sensitive determinations...

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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography–electron capture detection for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in soils

Cited by 69 publications

References 31 publications

Determination of mercury(II) in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and back extraction along with capillary zone electrophoresis

Determination of mercury(II) in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and back extraction along with capillary zone electrophoresis

Organic Analysis for Urban Geochemical Survey Soil Samples

Determination of copper in human hair and tea samples after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO)

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