Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction of Cu(II) Using a Novel Dioxime for Its Highly Sensitive Determination by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique was proposed for the enrichment and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric (GFAAS) determination of Cu 2+ in water samples.In this method a mixture of 480 mL acetone (disperser solvent) containing 26 mg S,S-bis(2-aminobenzyl)-dithioglyoxime (BAT) ligand and 20 mL carbon tetrachloride (extraction solvent) was rapidly injected by a syringe into 5 mL aqueous sample containing copper ions (analyte). Thereby, a cloudy solution formed. After centrifugation, the fine droplets containing the extracted copper complex were sedimented at the bottom of the conical test tube. This phase was collected by a microsyring and after dilution by methanol, 20 mL of it was injected into the graphite tube of the instrument for analysis.Effects of some parameters on the extraction, such as extraction and disperser solvent type and volume, extraction time, salt concentration, pH and concentration of the chelating agent were optimized. The response surface method was used for optimization of the effective parameters on the extraction recovery. Under these conditions, an enrichment factor of 312 was obtained. The calibration graph was linear in the rage of 2-50 mg L -1 Cu 2+ with a detection limit of 0.03 mg L -1 and a relative standard deviation (RSD) for five replicate measurements of 3.4% at 20 mg L -1 Cu 2+ . The method was successfully applied to the determination of Cu 2+ in some spring water samples.

Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction Followed by HPLC‐DAD as an Efficient and Sensitive Technique for the Determination of Patulin from Apple Juice and Concentrate Samples

“…It should demonstrate (a) higher density than water, (b) good chromatographic behavior, (c) extraction capability for the interested compounds and (d) low solubility in water. 14,[19][20][21] Chlorobenzene, trichloromethan, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene were examined in order to find the most suitable solvent for DLLME. For this purpose, a series of sample solutions was treated with 1.0 mL of disperser solvents (acetone, methanol and acetonitrile) containing 50 µL of the extraction solvents.…”

Separation and Determination of Diol Pollutants Come from Demulsifier in the Produced Water of Oil Fields

“…The other outstanding advantages are its rapidity and inexpensive. Other examples of sample preparation by DLLME have been presented for trace determination of pesticides in soils, 9 organophosphorus pesticides, 10,11 nickel, 12 Cu(II), 13 and chlorobenzenes 14 in water.…”

Application of nano-baskets in preconcentration of tetrahedral oxoanions in the produced water of oil wells

“…DLLME avoids the volatilisation and the loss of extractants, providing possibility for enhancement of sensitivity and simplification of extraction. Other examples of sample preparation by DLLME have been presented for trace determination of pesticides in soils (5), organophosphorus pesticides in water (6,7), nickel (8), copper (9) and chlorobenzenes (10) in aqueous samples.…”