Disposed Dry Cells as Sustainable Source for Generation of Few Layers of Graphene and Manganese Oxide for Solid‐State Symmetric and Asymmetric Supercapacitor Applications

Abstract

Recycling electronic wastes (e‐wastes) is one of the steps to build greener and cleaner environment. In this work, re‐using of disposed dry cell (zinc‐carbon battery) components to generate graphene and manganese oxide for energy storage application has been demonstrated. The obtained materials have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical performances of the generated graphene and the MnO2 have been examined in 1M H2SO4. The symmetric (MnO2|PVA:H2SO4|MnO2) and asymmetric (Graphene|PVA:H2SO4|MnO2) supercapacitors were fabricated and their performances were evaluated. The fabricated proto‐type asymmetric device delivered energy density as high as 68 W h kg‐1 at power density of 8010 W kg‐1 with a wide operating potential up to 1.6 V. The device had a long life of 5000 cycles with high Coulombic efficiency as high as 90 %. The observed such an excellent electrochemical performances are attributed to the large surface area and high conductivity of the graphene nanonetwork and nanoporous MnO2 extracted from the disposed dry cell. The two asymmetric proto‐type devices connected in series could light an LED for about 10 min in one charge.

Emerging Nanomaterials in Energy Storage

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Decorating MnO2 nanosheets on MOF-derived Co3O4 as a battery-type electrode for hybrid supercapacitors

“…Its broad potential window and good specic capacitance allow absorbing more ions from the electrolyte. [64][65][66][67] Furthermore, based on the above CV and CP results, Co 3 O 4 @MnO 2 -3 is assigned as a positive electrode for the two electrode systems. The operating potential window for the two electrode systems of Co 3 O 4 @MnO 2 -3//AC is performed by combining both electrodes.…”

Polymer Composites with Quantum Dots as Potential Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors Application: A Review

“…Owing to the favourable characteristics like higher surface to volume ratio, enriched surface area, superior concentration of edge atoms, quantum confinement effect, easy solubility in non-aqueous and aqueous solvents, functionalization and easy doping conditions, Quantum Dots (QDs) are been considered for various range of applications like photovoltaics, bio-sensing, light-emitting diodes, bio-imaging, batteries, fuel cells etc. [10,11]. Moreover, research findings have also shown their viability in coalescing with other nanomaterials to develop better workable composites for application purposes.…”