Disposition kinetics of enrofloxacin (Baytril 5%) in sheep and goats following intravenous and intramuscular injection using a microbiological assay

Elsheikh, Hatim Ali; Taha, Ahmed Abdulgani; Khalafallah, A.I; Osman, Ibrahim

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(02)00020-6

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The AUC (8.78 ± 1.63 h) values for enrofloxacin by s.c. route is almost similar to the values reported by El Sheikh et al. (2002) in sheep and goat after i.m.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Parameters Of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacisupporting

confidence: 91%

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Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in sheep following intravenous and subcutaneous administration

Rahal

Kumar

Ahmad

et al. 2006

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Enrofloxacin is a synthetic antibacterial agent of the flouroquinolone group developed exclusively for veterinary use (Altreuher, 1987). The important characteristics of the antimicrobial agent includes low host toxicity, high bioavailability, excellent tissue penetration, long serum half-life and a wide spectrum of activity against G-ve bacteria, intracellular organisms and lesser activity against G+ve organisms (Brown, 1996). It is mainly indicated for gastrointestinal, urogenital, skin and respiratory tract infections in various domestic animal species (Nielsen & Gyrd-Hansen, 1997).Flouroquinolones possess good oral bioavailability in all monogastric animals (up to 80%) but poor in ruminants (approximately 10%), which necessitates the use of parenteral routes of administration (Jenkins, 1990). The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin has been described in a variety of domestic animal species, but little is known about its kinetic behaviour following the subcutaneous administration in sheep, which forms an important component of Indian livestock population.The objective of this study was to determine the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin following the single dose intravenous and subcutaneous administration in sheep.Six crossbred healthy female sheep (weighing 25-30 kg) were quarantined for 2 weeks for use in the study. They were dewormed and maintained on concentrate, green fodder and were provided water ad libitum. The animals used for the pharmacokinetic study following intravenous administration were reused for the study following subcutaneous administration after observing a minimum washout period of 15 days.Pure technical grade enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were generously gifted by Intas Pharmaceuticals, Ahmedabad and Aurobindo Pharmaceutical, Chennai, respectively. Enrofloxacin (Quintas 10%; Intas Pharmaceuticals, Ahmedabad, India) was injected (5 mg/kg) in the jugular vein and in the flank region for i.v. and s.c. study, respectively. Blood samples (3 mL each) were collected by jugular indwelling catheter into heparinized glass tubes at predetermined time intervals, i.e. 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 min and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 24 and 36 h after drug administration. Blood samples were centrifuged to harvest plasma, which was stored at )20°C until assayed. The concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in plasma were simultaneously extracted (Nielsen & Gyrd-Hansen, 1997) and determined using HPLC system (Model SPD-10A, LC-10AT; Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) (Kung et al., 1993). Peak areas were used for quantification of the compounds. External standards were used to prepare calibration curves and determine the assay precision and recovery. Assay precision was determined by analysing two samples four times each day for intra-day assay and on four occasions 24 h apart for inter-day assay.The calibration curves prepared by spiking external standards in the pooled drug free sheep plasma were linear in the range of 0.02-3.2 ...

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“…The AUC (8.78 ± 1.63 h) values for enrofloxacin by s.c. route is almost similar to the values reported by El Sheikh et al. (2002) in sheep and goat after i.m.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Parameters Of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacisupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The total body clearance (0.86 ± 0.10 L/kg/h) of enrofloxacin in the present study was comparable with the values in goats (Rao et al. , 2000; El Sheikh et al. , 2002).…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Parameters Of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacisupporting

confidence: 88%

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in sheep following intravenous and subcutaneous administration

Rahal

Kumar

Ahmad

et al. 2006

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…Enrofloxacin (ENR), a synthetic agent of the fluoroquinolone family marketed specifically for use in veterinary medicine, has been shown to be rapidly bactericidal against a broad spectrum of aerobic and some facultative anaerobic bacteria including strains resistant to many other antimicrobial agents (Scheer, 1987; Vancutsem et al., 1990; Walker et al., 1992), and is also effective against some Gram‐positive bacteria, mycoplasmas and some rickettsial organisms. The usefulness of ENR in the treatment of gastrointestinal, respiratory and urogenital tract infections has been well documented and its pharmacokinetic characteristics have been determined in rabbits (Broome et al., 1991; Cabanes et al., 1992; Fraile et al., 1997; Bregante et al., 1999; Elmas et al., 2002) and other animal species (Kaartinen et al., 1997a,b; Elmas et al., 2000, 2001; Elsheikh et al., 2002; Haritova et al., 2003; De Lucas et al., 2004; Seguin et al., 2004). However, these pharmacokinetic studies have been limited to healthy animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence ofEscherichia coliEndotoxin‐Induced Endotoxaemia on the Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin after Intravenous Administration in Rabbits

Elmas¹,

Yazar²,

Üney³

et al. 2006

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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The main goal of present study was to determine the effects of an Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced endotoxaemic status on disposition of enrofloxacin after a single intravenous dose (5 mg/kg) in rabbits. Septic shock was induced by the i.v. bolus administration at a single dose of E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Six adult New Zealand White rabbits were used. Concentrations of drug in plasma were determined by HPLC. The plasma pharmacokinetic values for enrofloxacin were best represented using a two-compartment open model. Total plasma clearance (Cl(T)) decreased from 2.11 (l/h/kg) in healthy animals to 1.50 (l/h/kg) in rabbits with septic shock, which is related to an increase in the AUC(0-->infinity). In endotoxaemic rabbits, volume of distribution at steady state (V(dss) = 3.61 l/kg) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in healthy animals (V(dss) = 4.97 l/kg). However, the elimination half-life of enrofloxacin was not affected by lipopolysaccharide administration.

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“…Enrofloxacin is a synthetic antimicrobial agent belonging to the fluoroquinolone group, widely used in veterinary medicine due to its effectiveness against the infectious diseases produced by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as mycoplasma (Elsheikh et al 2002). In dairy goats, enrofloxacin is usually administered by veterinarians in the treatment of gastrointestinal, respiratory and mammary diseases (Menzies and Ramanoon 2001), often being applied in an off-label manner given the scarcity of drugs indicated for the use in this species, which is likely to increase the risk of the presence of antibiotic residues in milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of enrofloxacin on the coagulation time and the quality parameters of goat's milk yoghurt

Beltrán

Morari‐Pirlog

Quintanilla

et al. 2017

Int J of Dairy Tech

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Three batches of yoghurts were made from goat's milk with different enrofloxacin concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 lg/kg). Quality parameters were analysed at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days at 5°C. Drug residues were also quantified by HPLC. Coagulation time and most yoghurt properties remained unaffected by the presence of enrofloxacin in goat's milk. However, quality parameters were affected by the storage period. 74.9-99.2% of enrofloxacin initially added to goat's milk remained in the yoghurt throughout its entire shelf life, potentially posing a risk to consumer health. Therefore, an enrofloxacin maximum residue limit in yoghurt should be established.

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Disposition kinetics of enrofloxacin (Baytril 5%) in sheep and goats following intravenous and intramuscular injection using a microbiological assay

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in sheep following intravenous and subcutaneous administration

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in sheep following intravenous and subcutaneous administration

Influence ofEscherichia coliEndotoxin‐Induced Endotoxaemia on the Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin after Intravenous Administration in Rabbits

Influence of enrofloxacin on the coagulation time and the quality parameters of goat's milk yoghurt

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