Disrupted functional connectivity of cerebellar default network areas in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Kucyi, Aaron; Hove, Michael J.; Biederman, Joseph; Dijk, Koene R. A. Van; Valera, Eve M.

doi:10.1002/hbm.22850

Cited by 86 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…One study has focused on the DMN cerebellar component in adults with ADHD, finding increased FC to multiple cortical networks, including visual, dorsal attention, salience and sensorimotor (115). This effort was overdue, given extensive volumetric evidence of cerebellar involvement in ADHD (116).…”

Section: Default Mode Network Interference Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Science in Development

Castellanos

Aoki

2016

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

146

154

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) without an explicit task, i.e., resting state fMRI, of individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is growing rapidly. Early studies were unaware of the vulnerability of this method to even minor degrees of head motion, a major concern in the field. Recent efforts are implementing various strategies to address this source of artifact along with a growing set of analytical tools. Availability of the ADHD-200 Consortium dataset, a large-scale multi-site repository, is facilitating increasingly sophisticated approaches. In parallel, investigators are beginning to explicitly test the replicability of published findings. In this narrative review, we sketch out broad, overarching hypotheses being entertained while noting methodological uncertainties. Current hypotheses implicate the interplay of default, cognitive control (frontoparietal) and attention (dorsal, ventral, salience) networks in ADHD; functional connectivities of reward-related and amygdala-related circuits are also supported as substrates for dimensional aspects of ADHD. Before these can be further specified and definitively tested, we assert the field must take on the challenge of mapping the “topography” of the analytical space, i.e., determining the sensitivities of results to variations in acquisition, analysis, demographic and phenotypic parameters. Doing so with openly available datasets will provide the needed foundation for delineating typical and atypical developmental trajectories of brain structure and function in neurodevelopmental disorders including ADHD when applied to large-scale multi-site prospective longitudinal studies such as the forthcoming Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study.

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Section: Default Mode Network Interference Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Science in Development

Castellanos

Aoki

2016

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

146

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The isochronous tapping task included a range of tempi (250, 500, 1000, 1500 ms inter-onset intervals (IOI)). Different time scales are mediated by partially distinct brain networks [e.g., subsecond timing is more reliant on cerebellar regions, and suprasecond timing is more reliant on prefrontal regions (Ivry 1996; Weiner et al 2010)], and thus could potentially implicate either cerebellar or frontal neural regions previously implicated in ADHD (Hove et al 2015; Kucyi et al 2015; Valera et al 2007, 2010). The other task was a phase-perturbation task in which participants tapped in synchrony with a metronome that contained occasional phase shifts (± 15, 50 ms) to create timing errors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finger tapping and pre-attentive sensorimotor timing in adults with ADHD

et al. 2017

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Sensorimotor timing deficits are considered central to ADHD. However, the tasks establishing timing impairments often involve interconnected processes, including low-level sensorimotor timing and higher-level executive processes such as attention. Thus the source of timing deficits in ADHD remains unclear. Low-level sensorimotor timing can be isolated from higher-level processes in a finger-tapping task that examines the motor response to unexpected shifts of metronome onsets. In this study, adults with ADHD and ADHD-like symptoms (n=25) and controls (n=26) performed two finger-tapping tasks. The first assessed tapping variability in a standard tapping task (metronome-paced and unpaced). In the other task, participants tapped along with a metronome that contained unexpected shifts (± 15, 50 ms); the timing adjustment on the tap following the shift captures pre-attentive sensorimotor timing (i.e. phase correction) and thus should be free of potential higher order confounds (e.g., attention). In the standard tapping task, as expected, the ADHD group had higher timing variability in both paced and unpaced tapping. However, in the pre-attentive task, performance did not differ between the ADHD and control groups. Together, results suggest that low-level sensorimotor timing and phase correction are largely preserved in ADHD and that some timing impairments observed in ADHD may stem from higher-level factors (such as sustained attention).

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“…This provides evidence of impaired cerebellar default mode network coupling with cortical networks in patients with ADHD and highlights a role of cerebrocerebellar interactions in patients with this disease. This circuitry has been proposed as a target for therapeutic interventions in patients with ADHD (79). By using multivariate analysis, one previous study applied pattern classification to task-based functional MR imaging of behavioral inhibition to accurately identify 77% of patients with ADHD (80).…”

Section: State Of the Art: Psychoradiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychoradiology: The Frontier of Neuroimaging in Psychiatry

Lui¹,

et al. 2016

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Unlike neurologic conditions, such as brain tumors, dementia, and stroke, the neural mechanisms for all psychiatric disorders remain unclear. A large body of research obtained with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography/single photon emission computed tomography, and optical imaging has demonstrated regional and illness-specific brain changes at the onset of psychiatric disorders and in individuals at risk for such disorders. Many studies have shown that psychiatric medications induce specific measurable changes in brain anatomy and function that are related to clinical outcomes. As a result, a new field of radiology, termed psychoradiology, seems primed to play a major clinical role in guiding diagnostic and treatment planning decisions in patients with psychiatric disorders. This article will present the state of the art in this area, as well as perspectives regarding preparations in the field of radiology for its evolution. Furthermore, this article will (a) give an overview of the imaging and analysis methods for psychoradiology; (b) review the most robust and important radiologic findings and their potential clinical value from studies of major psychiatric disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia; and (c) describe the main challenges and future directions in this field. An ongoing and iterative process of developing biologically based nomenclatures with which to delineate psychiatric disorders and translational research to predict and track response to different therapeutic drugs is laying the foundation for a shift in diagnostic practice in psychiatry from a psychologic symptom-based approach to an imaging-based approach over the next generation. This shift will require considerable innovations for the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of brain images, all of which will undoubtedly require the active involvement of radiologists.q RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.This copy is for personal use only. To order printed copies, contact reprints@rsna.org STATE OF THE ART: PsychoradiologyLui et al imaging study of schizophrenia with CT revealed bilaterally enlarged ventricles, which was an important con firmation of the neuropathology of the disorder (1). Since then, many psychiatry researchers have used brain imaging to elucidate the profile of brain abnormalities associated with different psychiatric disorders. This effort accelerated considerably in recent years because of the rapid and extensive growth and development in MR imaging, molecular imaging, and other diagnostic imaging techniques.Increased understanding of neurobiologic mechanisms of psychiatric disorders, increased technical capacities of human brain imaging, and many compelling demonstrations of differences between patients and control subjects in terms of brain anatomy and function provide the basis for the emergence of the clinical subspecialty of psychoradiology. Although clinical application of psychoradiology is not on the immediate horizon, th...

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Disrupted functional connectivity of cerebellar default network areas in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 86 publications

References 93 publications

Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Science in Development

Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Science in Development

Finger tapping and pre-attentive sensorimotor timing in adults with ADHD

Psychoradiology: The Frontier of Neuroimaging in Psychiatry

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