Disrupted prediction errors index social deficits in autism spectrum disorder

Balsters, Joshua H.; Apps, Matthew A. J.; Bolis, Dimitris; Lehner, Rea; Gallagher, Louise; Wenderoth, Nicole

doi:10.1093/brain/aww287

Cited by 75 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…More specifically, studies examining neural responses to others’ rewards have demonstrated hypoactivation in the ACC, a region shown to be involved in processing social information more broadly as well as reward-related information for other individuals (Balsters et al 2017; De Martino et al 2008; Lockwood 2016; Lockwood et al 2015). Further, given that predicting reward outcomes also depends on probability, atypical effort expenditure for vicarious rewards may arise due to atypical computation of socially-specific prediction errors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common trait of individuals with ASD is intolerance of uncertainty or unpredictability, particularly in social contexts, which may reflect underlying impairment in predictive abilities (Sinha et al 2014). Notably, aberrant neural responses to social prediction errors have been observed in individuals with ASD relative to controls (Balsters et al 2017). Therefore, unexpected rewards in the context of others may be processed differently in individuals with ASD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the ACC signals the motivational value of vicarious reward in individuals who are typically functioning. In ASD, there is evidence of disruptions to the functional properties of the ACC (Balsters et al 2017; Chiu et al 2008), which may suggest social cognition deficits in part reflect atypical vicarious reward processing. However, there have been no studies that have investigated vicarious reward processing in ASD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vicarious Effort-Based Decision-Making in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Mosner

Kinard

McWeeny

et al. 2017

J Autism Dev Disord

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This study investigated vicarious effort-based decision-making in 50 adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) compared to 32 controls using the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task. Participants made choices to win money for themselves or for another person. When choosing for themselves, the ASD group exhibited relatively similar patterns of effort-based decision-making across reward parameters. However, when choosing for another person, the ASD group demonstrated relatively decreased sensitivity to reward magnitude, particularly in the high magnitude condition. Finally, patterns of responding in the ASD group were related to individual differences in consummatory pleasure capacity. These findings indicate atypical vicarious effort-based decision-making in ASD and more broadly add to the growing body of literature addressing social reward processing deficits in ASD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vicarious Effort-Based Decision-Making in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Mosner

Kinard

McWeeny

et al. 2017

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…At the level of decision-making, it was found that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex encodes both probabilities about social and nonsocial sources, appearing to integrate information from ACC sulcus and ACC gyrus in a subject-specific fashion. Consequently, the above-mentioned brain regions could potentially play an important role in the investigation of ASC-related differences in multimodal cue integration and contextualization of precision in social and nonsocial cues [90,91]. …”

Section: Individual Level: Predictive Processing and Active Inferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Autism: Introducing the Dialectical Misattunement Hypothesis and a Bayesian Account of Intersubjectivity

Bolis

Balsters²,

Wenderoth³

et al. 2017

Psychopathology

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152

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Drawing on sociocultural theories and Bayesian accounts of brain function, in this article we construe psychiatric conditions as disorders of social interaction to fully account for their complexity and dynamicity across levels of description and temporal scales. After an introduction of the theoretical underpinnings of our integrative approach, we take autism spectrum conditions (ASC) as a paradigm example and discuss how neurocognitive hypotheses can be translated into a Bayesian formulation, i.e., in terms of predictive processing and active inference. We then argue that consideration of individuals (even within a Bayesian framework) will not be enough for a comprehensive understanding of psychiatric conditions and consequently put forward the dialectical misattunement hypothesis, which views psychopathology not merely as disordered function within single brains but also as a dynamic interpersonal mismatch that encompasses various levels of description. Moving from a mere comparison of groups, i.e., “healthy” persons versus “patients,” to a fine-grained analysis of social interactions within dyads and groups of individuals will open new avenues and may allow to avoid an overly neurocentric scope in psychiatric research as well as help to reduce social exclusion.

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“…This suggests that the response of ACCg to rewards that others will receive may depend on their group membership. Moreover, the connections between the ACCg and the VMPFC (Apps et al., 2016; Balsters, Mantini, Apps, Eickhoff, & Wenderoth, 2016; Vogt, 2009) and the fact that both regions showed a profile indicative of signaling information in an ingroup centered reference frame suggests that they may form part of a network that plays an important role when interacting in social groups (Balsters et al., 2017; Sallet et al., 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not on my team: Medial prefrontal cortex responses to ingroup fusion and unfair monetary divisions

et al. 2018

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ObjectivePeople are highly attuned to fairness, with people willingly suffering personal costs to prevent others benefitting from unfair acts. Are fairness judgments influenced by group alignments? A new theory posits that we favor ingroups and denigrate members of rival outgroups when our personal identity is fused to a group. Although the mPFC has been separately implicated in group membership and fairness processing, it is unclear whether group alignments affect medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity in response to fairness. Here, we examine the contribution of different regions of the mPFC to processing from ingroup and outgroup members and test whether its response differs depending on how fused we are to an ingroup.MethodsSubjects performed rounds of the Ultimatum Game, being offered fair or unfair divisions of money from supporters of the same soccer team (ingroup), the fiercest rival (outgroup) or neutral individuals whilst undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).ResultsStrikingly, people willingly suffered personal costs to prevent outgroup members benefitting from both unfair and fair offers. Activity across dorsal and ventral (VMPFC) portions of the mPFC reflected an interaction between fairness and group membership. VMPFC activity in particular was consistent with it coding one's fusion to a group, with the fairness by group membership interaction correlating with the extent that the responder's identity was fused to the ingroup.ConclusionsThe influence of fusion on social behavior therefore seems to be linked to processing in the VMPFC.

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Disrupted prediction errors index social deficits in autism spectrum disorder

Cited by 75 publications

References 67 publications

Vicarious Effort-Based Decision-Making in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Vicarious Effort-Based Decision-Making in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Beyond Autism: Introducing the Dialectical Misattunement Hypothesis and a Bayesian Account of Intersubjectivity

Not on my team: Medial prefrontal cortex responses to ingroup fusion and unfair monetary divisions

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