Disruption of central and peripheral circadian clocks in police officers working at night

Koshy, Anna; Cuesta, Marc; Boudreau, Philippe; Cermakian, Nicolas; Boivin, Diane B.

doi:10.1096/fj.201801889r

Cited by 41 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In the present study we present evidence showing that muscle contractions are a part of exercise that functions as a bona fide time cue for the skeletal muscle circadian clock. This finding could be of interest as exercise has the potential to work as a therapeutic to battle negative health outcomes linked to a lifestyle promoting circadian disruption as seen, for example, in shift workers (Morris et al 2016;Jørgensen et al 2017;Koshy et al 2019;Zimmet et al 2019). Our finding that exercise is a time cue for the skeletal muscle circadian clock in nocturnal rodents as well as in isolated muscle cells that are neither nocturnal nor diurnal, indicates that exercise could have similar effects in J Physiol 598.17 humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Time‐of‐day dependent effects of contractile activity on the phase of the skeletal muscle clock

Kemler

Wolff

Esser

2020

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points Disruptions in circadian rhythms across an organism are associated with negative health outcomes, such as cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Exercise has been proposed as a time cue for the circadian clock in rodents and humans. In this study, we assessed the effect of a single bout of endurance exercise on the skeletal muscle clock in vivo and a bout of muscle contractions in vitro. Timing of exercise or contractions influences the directional response of the muscle clock phase in vivo and in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that muscle contractions, as a component of exercise, can directly modulate the expression of muscle clock components in a time‐of‐day dependent manner. Abstract Exercise has been proposed to be a zeitgeber for the muscle circadian clock mechanism. However, this is not well defined and it is unknown if exercise timing induces directional shifts of the muscle clock. Our purpose herein was to assess the effect of one bout of treadmill exercise on skeletal muscle clock phase changes. We subjected PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE mice (n = 30F) to one 60 min treadmill exercise bout at three times of day. Exercise at ZT5, 5 h after lights on, induced a phase advance (100.2 ± 25.8 min; P = 0.0002), whereas exercise at ZT11, 1 h before lights off, induced a phase delay (62.1 ± 21.1 min; P = 0.0003). Exercise at ZT17, middle of the dark phase, did not alter the muscle clock phase. Exercise induces diverse systemic changes so we developed an in vitro model system to examine the effects of contractile activity on muscle clock phase. Contractions applied at peak or trough Bmal1 expression induced significant phase delays (applied at peak: 27.2 ± 10.2 min; P = 0.0017; applied at trough: 64.6 ± 6.5 min, P < 0.0001). Contractions applied during the transition from peak to trough Bmal1 expression induced a phase advance (49.8 ± 23.1 min; P = 0.0051). Lastly, contractions at different times of day resulted in differential changes of core clock gene expression, demonstrating an exercise and clock interaction, providing insight into potential mechanisms of exercise‐induced phase shifts. These data demonstrate that muscle contractions, as part of exercise, are sufficient to shift the muscle circadian clock phase, likely through changes in core clock gene expression. Additionally, our findings that exercise induces directional muscle clock phase changes confirms that exercise is a bona fide environmental time cue for skeletal muscle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Time‐of‐day dependent effects of contractile activity on the phase of the skeletal muscle clock

Kemler

Wolff

Esser

2020

The Journal of Physiology

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“…When the amplitude of clock gene expression is found to be relatively low (as occurs after shift work; ref. 144), it could mean that clock gene expression has been identically damped in each individual cell, or that the cellular clocks in the sample have fallen out of phase with one another so that the average of the signals is low. To decipher the meaning of circadian amplitude changes, profiling of circadian rhythms at the single-cell level will likely be required.…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfect timing: circadian rhythms, sleep, and immunity — an NIH workshop summary

et al. 2020

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Recent discoveries demonstrate a critical role for circadian rhythms and sleep in immune system homeostasis. Both innate and adaptive immune responses-ranging from leukocyte mobilization, trafficking, and chemotaxis to cytokine release and T cell differentiation-are mediated in a time of day-dependent manner. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently sponsored an interdisciplinary workshop, "Sleep Insufficiency, Circadian Misalignment, and the Immune Response," to highlight new research linking sleep and circadian biology to immune function and to identify areas of high translational potential. This Review summarizes topics discussed and highlights immediate opportunities for delineating clinically relevant connections among biological rhythms, sleep, and immune regulation. Circadian rhythms are daily variations in behavior and biological activity that stem from an intrinsic ability of organisms to align themselves with the environmental 24-hour light/dark cycle. These rhythms originate from an internal biological clock that drives many aspects of human physiology, including the sleepwake cycle and daily variations in blood pressure, body temperature, and cortisol (1). A growing body of epidemiological evidence demonstrates an association between altering circadian timing through shift work or frequent time zone travel and increased rates of cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, and cancer (2-4). Clinical aspects of disease such as pain perception, asthma exacerbations, and myocardial infarctions are more common at certain times of day or night (5, 6). The discovery of the genetic basis for the circadian clock in the 1980s and 1990s has ushered in a new era in which long-appreciated circadian rhythms in physiology and clinical medicine are being reframed in terms of gene expression, metabolism, signal transduction, and cellular physiology (7). The translation of circadian discovery into strategies to improve the prevention and management of disease promises to be transformative, but at present, fundamental research is outpacing clinical application (Figure 1A). Much will depend on research identifying the critical mechanisms and targets to which circadian rhythm-based therapeutic strategies can be applied. An emerging example of exciting circadian discovery with potential clinical relevance is the intersection between circadian function and immune regulation (Figure 1B). The NIH recently sponsored a workshop entitled "Sleep Insufficiency, Circadian Misalignment, and the Immune Response" (May 16-17, 2019, Rockville, Maryland, USA). Its aim was to highlight basic and clinical advances linking sleep and circadian biology to immune dysfunction, thereby stimulating the application of circadian biology to translational medicine. The Workshop was cosponsored by four NIH institutes-the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)-reflecting a...

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“…Ideally, gender specific alterations should be considered over multiple 24 h circadian cycles. Molecular circadian dysregulation was also addressed in both central and peripheral clocks for police officers performing night shift work (Koshy et al 2019). The study assessed urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and salivary cortisol as central clock markers and clock gene expressions in oral mucosa cells and PBMCs as two different peripheral clocks in 11 police officers.…”

Section: R81mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronodisruption: effects on reproduction, transgenerational health of offspring and epigenome

Satı

2020

Reproduction

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The circadian system regulates the daily temporal organization in behavior and physiology, including neuroendocrine rhythms and reproduction. Modern life, however, increasingly impacts this complex biological system. Due to limitations of working with human subjects exposed to shiftwork schedules, most chronoregulation research has used rodent models. Recent publications in these model systems have emphasized the negative effects of circadian rhythm disruption on both female and male reproductive systems and fertility. Additionally, there is growing concern about the long-term effects of circadian rhythm disruptions during pregnancy on human offspring and their descendants as circadian regulation during pregnancy can also alter epigenetic programing in offspring. However, to truly know if such concerns apply to humans will require retrospective and prospective human studies. Therefore, this review will highlight the latest available evidence regarding potential effects of chronodisruption on both female and male reproductive systems. Additionally, it presents a comprehensive summary of transgenerational and epigenetic effects on adult offspring that result from maternal chronodisruption.

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Disruption of central and peripheral circadian clocks in police officers working at night

Cited by 41 publications

References 46 publications

Time‐of‐day dependent effects of contractile activity on the phase of the skeletal muscle clock

Time‐of‐day dependent effects of contractile activity on the phase of the skeletal muscle clock

Perfect timing: circadian rhythms, sleep, and immunity — an NIH workshop summary

Chronodisruption: effects on reproduction, transgenerational health of offspring and epigenome

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