“…Many models predict either the time series (Cochrane (2017)) or the crosssection (McLean and Pontiff ( 2016)) of returns. The standard approach to disentangling these models is to use advanced econometrics (Bryzgalova (2017), Chinco, Clark-Joseph, andYe (2019), Feng, Giglio, andXiu (2020), Freyberger, Neuhierl, and Weber (2020), Harvey and Liu (2020), Kozak, Nagel, and Santosh (2020), Chinco, Neuhierl, and Weber (2021)). Instead, we propose a survey-based framework to test whether investors follow the core economic logic behind a given factor model.…”