Dissecting Sex‐Related Cognition between Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes: From Molecular Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Strategies

Ashraf, Ghulam Md; Ebada, Mahmoud Ahmed; Suhail, Mohd; Ali, Ashraf; Bilgrami, Anwar L.; Perveen, Asma; Husain, Amjad; Tarique, Mohd; Hafeez, Abdul; Αλεξίου, Αθανάσιος; Ahmad, Ausaf; Rajnish, Kumar; Banu, Naheed; Najda, Agnieszka; Sayed, Amany A.; Albadrani, Ghadeer M.; Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M.; Peluso, Ilaria; Barreto, George E.

doi:10.1155/2021/4572471

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 210 publications

(207 reference statements)

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“…Type 2 diabetes confers a significant risk of developing AD and a recent study that analyzed data from 450,000 individuals determined that females with type 2 diabetes had a higher risk of developing AD than men with type 2 diabetes ( Zhou et al, 2023 ). Significantly, the evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes is more prevalent in women than men ( Ashraf et al, 2021 ). Type 2 diabetes and AD share similarities, particularly insulin resistance ( Arnold et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Is There Evidence Of Sex-related Differences In Response To ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A case for seeking sex-specific treatments in Alzheimer’s disease

Lynch

2024

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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There is no satisfactory explanation for the sex-related differences in the incidence of many diseases and this is also true of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where females have a higher lifetime risk of developing the disease and make up about two thirds of the AD patient population. The importance of understanding the cause(s) that account for this disproportionate distribution cannot be overestimated, and is likely to be a significant factor in the search for therapeutic strategies that will combat the disease and, furthermore, potentially point to a sex-targeted approach to treatment. This review considers the literature in the context of what is known about the impact of sex on processes targeted by drugs that are in clinical trial for AD, and existing knowledge on differing responses of males and females to these drugs. Current knowledge strongly supports the view that trials should make assessing sex-related difference in responses a priority with a focus on exploring the sex-stratified treatments.

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Section: Is There Evidence Of Sex-related Differences In Response To ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A case for seeking sex-specific treatments in Alzheimer’s disease

Lynch

2024

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Aging can also lead to several other diseases like Alzheimer's disease, which has a reciprocal pathophysiological relationship with diabetes mellitus [27]. Another intersecting aspect relating diabetes, aging and COVID-19 lies with gender statistics.…”

Section: Diabetes Mellitus Aging and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and diabetes drive the COVID-19 forwards; unveiling nature and existing therapies for the treatment

2021

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Human SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 170 million people worldwide and resulted in more than 3.5 million deaths so far. The infection causes Coronavirus disease in people of all age groups, notably diabetic and old age people, at a higher risk of infectivity and fatality. Around 35% of the patients who have died of the disease were diabetic. The infection is associated with weakening immune response, chronic inflammation, and potential direct pancreatic impairment. There seems to be a three-way association of the SARS-CoV-2 infection with diabetes and aging. The COVID-19 infection causes metabolism complications, which may induce diabetes and accelerate aging in healthy individuals. How does diabetes elevate the likelihood of the infection is not clearly understood. we summarize mechanisms of accelerated aging in COVID-19 and diabetes, and the possible correlation of these three diseases. Various drug candidates under different stages of pre-clinical or clinical developments give us hope for the development of COVID-19 therapeutics, but there is no approved drug so far to treat this disease. Here, we explored the potential of anti-diabetic and anti-aging natural compounds for the COVID-19 treatment. We have also reviewed different therapeutic strategies with plant-based natural products that may be used to cure patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and post-infection syndrome.

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