Disseminated intravascular coagulation in chickens inoculated with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Shibatani, Masuhiro; Suzuki, Toyo; Chujo, Masaki; Nakamura, Kikuyasu

doi:10.1016/s0021-9975(97)80031-x

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Minor deficiency of TFPI would prevent hematomas in the muscles, but a lower level of TF could stimulate bleeding. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy could possibly be a problem in the case of extreme imbalance on the side of TF/FVIIa leading to consumption of coagulation factors and bleeding, which was reported a few times in birds mostly in cases of pathogen infections, but small shifts in the hemostasis balance of chicken by lowering TFPI and enhancing of TF caused by prebiotics might have a positive effect on overall production without contributing to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy or other blood coagulation disturbances (SHIBATANI et al 1997;MURAMOTO et al 2006;MORIS 2015;SUBA et al 2015). Notwithstanding, this observed effect of probiotics in broiler chickens still remains unclear and undoubtedly this issue must be understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study of Tissue Factor-Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Axis and Other Selected Coagulation Parameters in Broiler Chickens Administered in Ovo with Selected Prebiotics

Buzała

Ponczek

Słomka

et al. 2016

folia biol (krakow)

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A pilot study of tissue factor-tissue factor pathway inhibitor axis and other selected coagulation parameters in broiler chickens administered in ovo with selected prebiotics. Folia Biologica (Kraków) 64: 213-224. The tissue factor (TF)-tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) axis plays a major role in hemostasis. Disorders of the coagulation system are commonly diagnosed with the help of screening tests such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and plasma fibrinogen concentration (PFC). However, the effect of prebiotics on the hemostasis system has not been characterized in poultry yet. This study was designed to determine the effect of in ovo administration of prebiotics on blood coagulation parameters of broiler chickens depending on their age. The study was conducted with 180 broiler chick embryos, the air cells of which were injected on day 12 of incubation with prebiotics (experimental groups: Bi 2 tos, DiNovo ® and RFO) or physiological saline solution (control group). At 1, 21 and 42 days of rearing, blood was sampled from 15 broiler chickens from each group. An enzyme immunoassay was performed to determine plasma TF and TFPI levels, and PT, aPTT and PFC were determined in the chicken blood. We demonstrated that: 1) total TF levels increased with age in the experimental groups, 2) prebiotics had no significant effect on TF levels between the groups at a particular age, 3) total TFPI levels differed between both the type of in ovo injected substance and the broiler chicken age, 4) in the control group, PT and aPTT were found to increase with age whilst fibrinogen concentration decreased. The main conclusion from this pilot study is that total TF and TFPI levels change with age, however no clear patterns regarding TFPI were detected yet. The levels of PT, aPTT and PFC varied with the prebiotics administered in ovo as well as with the age of broiler chickens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study of Tissue Factor-Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Axis and Other Selected Coagulation Parameters in Broiler Chickens Administered in Ovo with Selected Prebiotics

Buzała

Ponczek

Słomka

et al. 2016

folia biol (krakow)

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“…13,20,22,31 E. rhusiopathiae experimentally infected chickens showed similar pathological findings to those of the lorikeet in this study, including congestion, organomegaly (liver, spleen, and kidney), and vascular damage in several organs (intravascular fibrin thrombi), highly suggestive of disseminated intravascular coagulation and shock. 28 Routes of transmission for E. rhusiopathiae are believed to include direct horizontal transmission by asymptomatic carriers such as pigs, turkeys, or contaminated fish food, as well as indirect horizontal transmission by the means of fomites such as contaminated soil or mechanical vectors such as arthropods. 6,20 Genotyping homologous studies between strains coming from different outbreaks support the crossinfectivity between species.…”

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Outbreak of Mortality in Psittacine Birds in a Mixed-Species Aviary Associated With Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Infection

Galindo-Cardiel

Opriessnig²,

Molina

et al. 2011

Vet Pathol

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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae septicemia, associated with an increased mortality of captive psittacines in a mixed-species aviary, was diagnosed by histopathology, Gram staining, bacterial culture and sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Over a period of 23 days with no premonitory signs, 2 rainbow lorikeets and an eclectus parrot died. Of these birds, one lorikeet and the eclectus were submitted for necropsy. The main pathologic findings were thrombosis (2/2), bacterial embolism/thromboembolism (2/2), necrotizing hepatitis (2/2), necrohemorrhagic myocarditis (1/2), fibrinohemorrhagic and heterophilic visceral coelomitis (1/2), submandibular necrosuppurative dermatitis with necrotizing vasculitis and bacterial and fungal thromboembolism (1/2), and locally extensive rhabdomyonecrosis with bacterial embolism (1/2). Intralesional bacteria were positive by Gram staining and immunohistochemistry in both cases. E. rhusiopathiae was isolated by routine bacterial culture from the liver of the lorikeet, which was also positive by real-time PCR. This report is one of the rare descriptions of erysipelas in psittacines, and to the authors' knowledge, it appears to be the first in the described species using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR on avian paraffin-embedded tissues for the diagnosis.

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“…The affected chicken was depressed, reluctant to move and had ruffled feathers; these are similar to the signs of endotoxemia in horses [13] and chickens [20]. Gangrene of the gastrointestinal tract in dogs releases vasoactive factors (histamine and serotonin) into the circulation that initiate the pooling of blood and hypotension, resulting in toxic shock [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Loss of the mucosal barrier allows bacteria and endotoxins to escape into the systemic circulation, inducing endotoxemic lesions [24]. Fowl endotoxemia is associated with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection [20]. Clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive bacillus, is a normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract that under predisposing conditions, releases exotoxins (enterotoxins) that are then absorbed into the blood stream, inducing toxemia [16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Intestinal Volvulus with Coagulative Hepatic Necrosis in a Chicken

Haridy

Goryo

Sasaki

et al. 2010

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A 7-week-old SPF chicken inoculated at 4 weeks of age with chicken anemia virus was puffed up depressed and had ruffled feathers and a good body condition. Intestinal volvulus involving the jejunum and part of the duodenum forming two loops with one knob was observed. Microscopically, venous infarction of the obstructed loops, periportal and sublobular multifocal coagulative hepatic necrosis and granulomatous inflammation of the cecal tonsils were observed. Gram staining revealed no bacteria in hepatic tissue; however, gram-positive bacilli were detected in the necrotic debris in the intestinal lumen. Immunosuppression might have predisposed the chicken to intestinal and cecal tonsil infection that then progressed to volvulus. Loss of the mucosal barrier in infarction might allow bacterial toxins and vasoactive factors to escape into the systemic circulation (toxemia) and be responsible for the hepatic necrosis.KEY WORDS: CAV, hepatic necrosis, immunosuppression, intestinal volvulus.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 72(4): 489-492, 2010 Of the gastrointestinal tract derangements in fowl, intestinal intussusception [15,25], intestinal volvulus [1,5,11], proventricular intussusception [9,18,21] and herniation of the intestine through the post-hepatic septum into the ventral hepatic cavities [8] have been reported. Intestinal disarrangements rarely occur in fowl. There is paucity in reports about pathology and pathogenesis of intestinal derangements in Aves [4,25]. In horses, intestinal displacements that progress to incarceration or volvulus with strangulation and infarction are a common cause of colic and mortality. Torsion of the long axis of the mesentery is common in suckling ruminants and swine but rarely occurs in dogs and cats. Intestinal intussusception including the small intestine, cecum and colon is common in dogs, lambs, calves and foals [2].Intestinal volvulus is a twisting across the long axis of the gut characterized by compression of the thin-walled veins and obstruction of the influx of arterial blood, which eventually progresses to dilation, devitalization and venous infarction of the affected segment [2]. Whereas intestinal volvulus rarely occurs and is incidentally observed in chicken carcasses, intussusception occurs relatively frequently in diseases such as coccidiosis, ulcerative enteritis and worm infestation [4,25]. The present report describes a peculiar case of intestinal volvulus with hepatic necrosis in a chicken anemia virus (CAV)-inoculated SPF (specificpathogen-free) chicken and introduces a model for a predisposing factor for intestinal volvulus in the avian species.One 7-week-old SPF male chicken in an experiment concerning the pathology and immunohistochemistry of CAV infection at 4 weeks of age was sitting alone in the corner of a box and looked puffed up. It was reluctant to move (easy to catch) and had ruffled feathers, but its body condition was good. The combs, wattles and eyelids were cyanotic. Its blood was watery and exhibited delayed clotting. Its packed cell volume (PCV) w...

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Disseminated intravascular coagulation in chickens inoculated with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

A Pilot Study of Tissue Factor-Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Axis and Other Selected Coagulation Parameters in Broiler Chickens Administered in Ovo with Selected Prebiotics

A Pilot Study of Tissue Factor-Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Axis and Other Selected Coagulation Parameters in Broiler Chickens Administered in Ovo with Selected Prebiotics

Outbreak of Mortality in Psittacine Birds in a Mixed-Species Aviary Associated With Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Infection

Intestinal Volvulus with Coagulative Hepatic Necrosis in a Chicken

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