Disseminated protothecosis diagnosed by evaluation of <scp>CSF</scp> in a dog

Lane, Laura V.; Meinkoth, James H.; Brunker, Jill D.; Smith, S. K.; Snider, Timothy A.; Thomas, John B.; Bradway, Daniel S.; Love, Brenda C.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2011.00395.x

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Previous reports of CSF analysis in dogs with CNS protothecosis have described the presence of an eosinophilic pleocytosis (Gupta and others 2011, Lane and others 2012). Though eosinophils were present in increased numbers in the CSF in this case, the inflammation consisted predominantly of small and large lymphocytes, with the presence of atypical large granulated mononuclear cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Use of posaconazole for treatment of disseminated protothecosis in a dog

Enders¹,

Olby²,

Mariani³

2016

Vet Record Case Reports

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A two-year-old female spayed Vizsla presented with progressive ataxia and visual deficits of three weeks’ duration and chronic intermittent large bowel diarrhoea. Protothecal organisms were identified on cytology of rectal scrapings and aspirates of intra-abdominal lymph nodes and Prototheca species were cultured from cerebrospinal fluid.Treatment with posaconazole for two weeks yielded a marked improvement, with progression of neurological signs noted after changing to itraconazole due to cost. The dog was humanely euthanased 31 days after diagnosis. The clinical improvement produced by posaconazole in this case suggests it may be an effective therapy for this typically fatal disease, but it may currently be cost prohibitive. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported use of posaconazole for treatment of disseminated protothecosis in a dog.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Use of posaconazole for treatment of disseminated protothecosis in a dog

Enders¹,

Olby²,

Mariani³

2016

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…Infection due to Prototheca is rare and often associated with immunosuppression. In dogs, disease is usually disseminated and most commonly associated with Prototheca zopfii (Pressler and others 2005, Stenner and others 2007, Lane and others 2012, Vince and others 2014). Common symptoms include gastrointestinal signs referable to the large bowel, neurological impairment and ocular disease (Stenner and others 2007, Lane and others 2012, Font and others 2014, Vince and others 2014, Shank and others 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototheca wickerhamii in a dog with cutaneous, ocular and systemic manifestations and treatment with terbinafine

Milley

Labelle²,

Tolar³

et al. 2015

Vet Record Case Reports

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A two-year-old intact female collie presented with a tentative diagnosis of systemic blastomycosis based on compatible clinical signs and history and a positive urine Blastomyces antigen enzyme immunoassay. The dog was subsequently correctly diagnosed with protothecosis based on ocular and paw pad histopathology and in vitro culture of Prototheca wickerhamii from paw pad tissue. Histopathology revealed organisms in deep tissue samples as well as in the epidermis and superficial keratin layers of the paw pad. Serum (1→3)-β-d-glucan testing was negative. The dog was treated with terbinafine based on in vitro susceptibility results. There are no previous reports of terbinafine use for the treatment of canine protothecosis. Neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms remained stable with terbinafine. While there was an overall improvement in cutaneous lesions and attitude over the course of eight weeks on treatment, the animal did not survive despite therapy.

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“…An infectious agent was identified in an additional three dogs ( Cryptococcus neoformans [n = 2] and Neospora caninum [n = 1]). CSF eosinophilia has also been reported in dogs with CNS protothecosis …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Eosinophilic cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis associated with neural Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in a dog

Alcoverro

Bersan

Sánchez‐Masián

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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A 1-year-old, female intact Pug dog was presented to the Small Animal Teaching Hospital of the University of Liverpool with a 4-week history of progressive multifocal intracranial signs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected multiple hemorrhagic lesions in the brain. The Baermann and zinc sulfate flotation tests with centrifugation, performed on fecal samples, were positive for lungworm larvae and an antigenic test confirmed Angiostrongylus vasorum infection. Anthelmintic treatment was started with a consequent marked clinical improvement. Seventy days later, the dog was clinically normal, and no larvae were detected on the Baermann test. Repeat MRI of the brain revealed marked improvement of the hemorrhagic lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF) showed marked eosinophilic pleocytosis, and anthelmintic treatment was restarted. A follow-up CSF analysis 4 months after the first presentation revealed resolution of the eosinophilic pleocytosis. This is the first case report of marked eosinophilic pleocytosis associated with neural A vasorum infection in a dog. The CSF eosinophilic pleocytosis persisted for several weeks after treatment, even in the absence of concurrent clinical signs and with a negative A vasorum Baermann test. K E Y W O R D S brain hemorrhage, canine angiostrongylosis, central nervous system, CSF, eosinophils, larval migration 1 | CASE PRESENTATION A 1-year-old female intact Pug dog was referred to the Neurology Service at the Small Animal Teaching Hospital (SATH), the University of Liverpool, for investigation of progressive truncal swaying, ataxia, right-sided head tilt, altered mentation, right eye exophthalmia, and conjunctival hyperemia. Clinical signs started 4 weeks prior to referral. The dog had always lived in the United Kingdom (UK), had never traveled abroad, and the vaccination status was up to date; however, no ectoparasite or endoparasite (including lungworm) prevention was given. The dog had free access to the outdoors where the dog could encounter wild animals. A CBC (LaserCyte Dx; IDEXX Laboratories,Westbrook, ME, USA) performed 6 days prior to referral revealed a mild leukocytosis (18.64 × 10 9 /L; RI 5.50-16.90) due to a mild neutrophilia (12.92 × 10 9 /L; RI 2-12) and mild monocytosis (3.16 × 10 9 / L; RI 0.30-2.00). Basophils were minimally increased (0.11 × 10 9 /L; RI 0.00-0.10), but the blood smear was not reviewed. The serum biochemistry profile (Catalyst Dx; IDEXX Laboratories) revealed mildly increased urea (12.4 mmol/L; RI 2.5-9.6), marginally increased ALP (227 IU/L; 23-212), and moderate hyperproteinemia (93 g/L; 52-82) due to moderate hyperglobulinemia (63 g/L; 25-45).Abstract presented in the 31st Annual Symposium of the ESVN-ECVN,

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Disseminated protothecosis diagnosed by evaluation of CSF in a dog

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Use of posaconazole for treatment of disseminated protothecosis in a dog

Use of posaconazole for treatment of disseminated protothecosis in a dog

Prototheca wickerhamii in a dog with cutaneous, ocular and systemic manifestations and treatment with terbinafine

Eosinophilic cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis associated with neural Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in a dog

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