Dissemination of nonpandemic Caribbean HIV-1 subtype B clades in Latin America

Cabello, Marina; Junqueira, Dennis Maletich; Bello, Gonzalo

doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000000552

Cited by 14 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although subtype B epidemic in most Brazilian states is clearly dominated by the B PANDEMIC clade, the non-pandemic B CAR strains reach a significant prevalence in a few states from the Northern (Roraima = 41% and Amazonas = 14%) and Northeastern (Maranhão = 14%) regions. The prevalence of B CAR strains detected in Roraima is comparable to that described in some northern South American countries (Suriname and French Guyana), and much higher than that estimated for other continental countries of the Americas [10]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…A previous study conducted by our group, estimated that B CAR strains only explain 1.7% of subtype B infections in Brazil [10]. Most Brazilian subtype B sequences used in that previous study, however, were from the Southeastern, Southern and Central-Western country regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The non-pandemic B CAR lineages account for an important fraction of HIV-1 subtype B infections in several American countries including: Haiti and the Dominican Republic (~75%), Jamaica (~50%), Trinidad and Tobago (~95%), other Lesser Antilles (~40–75%), French Guiana (56%) and Suriname (54%) [9,10]. The non-pandemic B CAR strains have been also disseminated from the Caribbean into several Latin American countries [10–12], with evidence of onwards transmission in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Panama and Venezuela [10,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The non-pandemic B CAR strains have been also disseminated from the Caribbean into several Latin American countries [10–12], with evidence of onwards transmission in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Panama and Venezuela [10,12]. Those secondary outbreaks established in Latin America, however, were of small size and the B CAR strains only account for a minor fraction (<10%) of HIV-1 subtype B infections in that region [10,12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

High Prevalence and Onward Transmission of Non-Pandemic HIV-1 Subtype B Clades in Northern and Northeastern Brazilian Regions

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) epidemic in Brazil is mainly driven by the subtype B pandemic lineage (BPANDEMIC), while Caribbean non-pandemic subtype B clades (BCAR) seem to account for a very low fraction of HIV-infections in this country. The molecular characteristics of the HIV-1 subtype B strains disseminated in the Northern and Northeastern Brazilian regions, however, have not been explored so far. In this study, we estimate the prevalence of the HIV-1 BPANDEMIC and BCAR clades across different Brazilian regions and we reconstruct the spatiotemporal dynamics of dissemination of the major Brazilian BCAR clades. A total of 2,682 HIV-1 subtype B pol sequences collected from 21 different Brazilian states from the five country regions between 1998 and 2013 were analyzed. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses revealed that the BCAR strains reached 16 out 21 Brazilian states here analyzed. The BCAR clades comprise a low fraction (<10%) of subtype B infections in most Brazilian states analyzed, with exception of Roraima (41%), Amazonas (14%) and Maranhão (14%). Bayesian phylogeographic analyses indicate that BCAR strains originally from the Hispaniola and Trinidad and Tobago were introduced at multiple times into different states from all Brazilian regions and a few of those strains, probably introduced into Roraima, Maranhão and São Paulo between the late 1970s and the early 1980s, established secondary outbreaks in the Brazilian population. These results support that the HIV-1 subtype B epidemics in some Brazilian states from the Northern and Northeastern regions display a unique molecular pattern characterized by the high prevalence of BCAR lineages, which probably reflects a strong epidemiological link with the HIV-1 epidemics in the Caribbean region.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

High Prevalence and Onward Transmission of Non-Pandemic HIV-1 Subtype B Clades in Northern and Northeastern Brazilian Regions

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, historical evidence suggests that much of the HIV epidemic in Mesoamerica, consisting of Mexico and the Central American nations of Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Panama, and Costa Rica, has its origins in the United States (US) (7, 9–12). It is likely that the epidemic spread from the US to Mesoamerica as labor and economic migrants from Mesoamerica to the US returned home (9, 10, 12–14). Many of the Mesoamerican nations have also suffered tremendous sociopolitical upheaval all along the 20th century, with geopolitical forces leading to substantial shifts of populations across the region (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of major routes of HIV transmission throughout Mesoamerica

Chaillon

Ávila‐Ríos²,

Wertheim

et al. 2017

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Migration and travel are major drivers of the spread of infectious diseases. Geographic proximity and a common language facilitate travel and migration in Mesoamerica, which in turn could affect the spread of HIV in the region. Methods 6,092 HIV-1 subtype B partial pol sequences sampled from unique antiretroviral treatment-naive individuals from Mexico (40.7%), Guatemala (24.4%), Honduras (19%), Panama (8.2%), Nicaragua (5.5%), Belize (1.4%), and El Salvador (0.7%) between 2011–2016 were included. Phylogenetic and genetic network analyses were performed to infer putative relationships between HIV sequences. The demographic and geographic associations with clustering were analyzed and viral migration patterns were inferred using the Slatkin-Maddison approach on 100 iterations of random subsets of equal number of sequences per location. Results A total of 1,685/6,088 (27.7%) of sequences linked with at least one other sequence, forming 603 putative transmission clusters (range: 2–89 individuals). Clustering individuals were significantly more likely to be younger (median age 29 vs 33 years, p<0.01) and men-who-have-sex-with-men (40.4% vs 30.3%, p<0.01). Of the 603 clusters, 30 (5%) included sequences from multiple countries with commonly observed linkages between Mexican and Honduran sequences. Eight of the 603 clusters included more than 10 individuals, including two comprised exclusively of Guatemalans (52 and 89 individuals). Phylogenetic and migration analyses suggested that the Central and Southern regions of Mexico along with Belize were major sources of HIV throughout the region (p<0.01) with genetic flow southward from Mexico to the other nations of Mesoamerica. We also found evidence of significant viral migration within Mexico. Conclusion International clusters were infrequent, suggesting moderate migration between HIV epidemics of the different Mesoamerican countries. Nevertheless, we observed important sources of transnational HIV spread in the region, including Southern and Central Mexico and Belize.

show abstract

HIV and SIV Evolution

Foley

2017

Global Virology II - HIV and NeuroAIDS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dissemination of nonpandemic Caribbean HIV-1 subtype B clades in Latin America

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

High Prevalence and Onward Transmission of Non-Pandemic HIV-1 Subtype B Clades in Northern and Northeastern Brazilian Regions

High Prevalence and Onward Transmission of Non-Pandemic HIV-1 Subtype B Clades in Northern and Northeastern Brazilian Regions

Identification of major routes of HIV transmission throughout Mesoamerica

HIV and SIV Evolution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About