“…Proactive departments also assist students with finding a match between their strengths and type of research undertaken (golde, 2005) and offer opportunities early in the program to participate in research activities that foster self-efficacy and skill development (d'andrea, 2002; green, 1997). to help candidates begin to see beyond the dissertation to life as an active scholar, seminars have been offered on topics such as transitions from novice to expert researchers and pub lishing of the dissertations (Ponticell & olivarez, 1997). cess, rather than a product that is viewed as distinct and separate from coursework, research training, comprehensive examinations, and other aspects of the doctoral journey (Ponticell & olivarez, 1997), including securing financial support.…”