Dissimilatory Reduction of Fe(III) and Other Electron Acceptors by a
            <i>Thermus</i>
            Isolate

Kieft, Thomas L.; Fredrickson, Jim K.; Onstott, Tullis C.; Gorby, Yuri A.; Kostandarithes, Heather M.; Bailey, Thomas J.; Kennedy, David W.; Li, S. W.; Plymale, Andrew E.; Spadoni, C.; Gray, Mike

doi:10.1128/aem.65.3.1214-1221.1999

Cited by 246 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…For example, autotrophic methanogens and SO 23 4 and Fe 3 reducers have been identi¢ed at depths up to 1300 m in basaltic rock in Washington, USA [29,30]. In addition, sedimentary rocks, such as sandstone, shale, and limestone at depths up to 3200 m and temperatures s 80³C are hosts to a variety of autotrophs and heterotrophs, including aerobes and SO 23 4 , S, Fe 3 , Mn 4 , and NO 3 3 reducers [31,32]. In the granitic aquifers at Gravberg, Sweden, heterotrophic metabolism has been documented at a depth of 3500 m at 60³C [33,34].…”

Section: Deep Biospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Energetics of overall metabolic reactions of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria

Amend¹

2001

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

222

344

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Thermophilic and hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria have been isolated from marine hydrothermal systems, heated sediments, continental solfataras, hot springs, water heaters, and industrial waste. They catalyze a tremendous array of widely varying metabolic processes. As determined in the laboratory, electron donors in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microbial redox reactions include H2, Fe(2+), H2S, S, S2O3(2-), S4O6(2-), sulfide minerals, CH4, various mono-, di-, and hydroxy-carboxylic acids, alcohols, amino acids, and complex organic substrates; electron acceptors include O2, Fe(3+), CO2, CO, NO3(-), NO2(-), NO, N2O, SO4(2-), SO3(2-), S2O3(2-), and S. Although many assimilatory and dissimilatory metabolic reactions have been identified for these groups of microorganisms, little attention has been paid to the energetics of these reactions. In this review, standard molal Gibbs free energies (DeltaGr(0)) as a function of temperature to 200 degrees C are tabulated for 370 organic and inorganic redox, disproportionation, dissociation, hydrolysis, and solubility reactions directly or indirectly involved in microbial metabolism. To calculate values of DeltaGr(0) for these and countless other reactions, the apparent standard molal Gibbs free energies of formation (DeltaG(0)) at temperatures to 200 degrees C are given for 307 solids, liquids, gases, and aqueous solutes. It is shown that values of DeltaGr(0) for many microbially mediated reactions are highly temperature dependent, and that adopting values determined at 25 degrees C for systems at elevated temperatures introduces significant and unnecessary errors. The metabolic processes considered here involve compounds that belong to the following chemical systems: H-O, H-O-N, H-O-S, H-O-N-S, H-O-C(inorganic), H-O-C, H-O-N-C, H-O-S-C, H-O-N-S-C(amino acids), H-O-S-C-metals/minerals, and H-O-P. For four metabolic reactions of particular interest in thermophily and hyperthermophily (knallgas reaction, anaerobic sulfur and nitrate reduction, and autotrophic methanogenesis), values of the overall Gibbs free energy (DeltaGr) as a function of temperature are calculated for a wide range of chemical compositions likely to be present in near-surface and deep hydrothermal and geothermal systems.

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Section: Deep Biospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Energetics of overall metabolic reactions of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria

Amend¹

2001

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

222

344

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Aero (Robb, 1995) Sulf. Anaero (Robb, 1995) Aero TYG (Kieft et al, 1999) The clone types that were strictly associated with the stope air included:…”

Section: Dna Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous and contaminant microbes in ultradeep mines

Onstott

Moser

Pfiffner

et al. 2003

Environmental Microbiology

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109

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Summary Rock, air and service water samples were collected for microbial analyses from 3.2 kilometres depth in a working Au mine in the Witwatersrand basin, South Africa. The ∼ metre‐wide mined zone was comprised of a carbonaceous, quartz, sulphide, uraninite and Au bearing layer, called the Carbon Leader, sandwiched by quartzite and conglomerate. The microbial community in the service water was dominated by mesophilic aerobic and anaerobic, α‐, β‐ and γ‐Proteobacteria with a total biomass concentration ∼104 cells ml−1, whereas, that of the mine air was dominated by members of the Chlorobi and Bacteroidetes groups and a fungal component. The microorganisms in the Carbon Leader were predominantly mesophilic, aerobic heterotrophic, nitrate reducing and methylotrophic, β‐ and γ‐Proteobacteria that were more closely related to service water microorganisms than to air microbes. Rhodamine WT dye and fluorescent microspheres employed as contaminant tracers, however, indicated that service water contamination of most of the rock samples was < 0.01% during acquisition. The microbial contaminants most likely originated from the service water, infiltrated the low permeability rock through and accumulated within mining‐induced fractures where they survived for several days before being mined. Combined PLFA and terminal restriction fragment length profile (T‐RFLP) analyses suggest that the maximum concentration of indigenous microorganisms in the Carbon Leader was < 102 cells g−1. PLFA, 35S autoradiography and enrichments suggest that the adjacent quartzite was less contaminated and contained ∼103 cells gram−1 of thermophilic, sulphate reducing bacteria, SRB, some of which are δ‐Proteobacteria. Pore water and rock geochemical analyses suggest that these SRB′s may have been sustained by sulphate diffusing from the adjacent U‐rich, Carbon Leader where it was formed by radiolysis of sulphide.

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“…Investigators using conventional cultivation and isolation techniques have established that subsurface microorganisms are physiologically and phylogenetically diverse, and may facilitate subsurface geochemical processes. Some research was motivated by potential economic benefits, as some subsurface microorganisms have novel metabolic properties and have potential use for industrial processes, bioremediation or other biotechnological applications (Fredrickson et al ., 1991;Boone et al ., 1995;Kieft et al ., 1999;Takai and Horikoshi, 1999a). However, due to the limitations associated with the use of conventional cultivation and isolation techniques, the structure, diversity and function of subsurface microbial community remain poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in archaeal communities associated with lithological and geochemical variations in subsurface Cretaceous rock

Takai

Mormile

McKinley

et al. 2003

Environmental Microbiology

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Subsurface microbial community structure in relation to geochemical gradients and lithology was investigated using a combination of molecular phylogenetic and geochemical analyses. Discreet groundwater and substratum samples were obtained from depths ranging from 182 to 190 m beneath the surface at approximately 10-cm intervals using a multilevel sampler (MLS) that straddled Cretaceous shale and sandstone formations at a site in the southern San Juan Basin in New Mexico. DNA and RNA were extracted directly from quartzite sand substratum loaded into individual cells of the MLS and colonized in situ. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated T-RFLP analysis of archaeal rRNA genes (rDNA) in conjunction with partial sequencing analysis of archaeal rDNA libraries and quantitative RNA hybridization with oligonucleotide probes were used to probe community structure and function. Although total microbial populations remained relatively constant over the entire depth interval sampled, significant shifts in archaeal populations, predominantly methanogens, were observed. These shifts coincided with the geochemical transition from relatively high methane (26 mM), low sulphate (< 3 mg l(-1)) conditions in the region adjacent to the organic matter-rich shale to relatively low-methane (< 0.5 mM), high-sulphate (48 mg l(-1)) conditions in the organic-poor sandstone beneath the shale. These results indicated that active, phylogenetically diverse archaeal communities were present in the subsurface Cretaceous rock environment at this site and that major archaeal clades shifted dramatically over scales of tens of centimetres, corresponding to changes in the lithology and geochemical gradients.

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Dissimilatory Reduction of Fe(III) and Other Electron Acceptors by a Thermus Isolate

Cited by 246 publications

References 55 publications

Energetics of overall metabolic reactions of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria

Energetics of overall metabolic reactions of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria

Indigenous and contaminant microbes in ultradeep mines

Shifts in archaeal communities associated with lithological and geochemical variations in subsurface Cretaceous rock

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