Dissipation kinetics of tetraconazole in three types of soil and water under laboratory condition

Abstract

Laboratory experiment was conducted to understand the persistence behavior of tetraconazole in three soils of West Bengal (alluvial, red lateritic, and coastal saline) and also in water maintained at three different pH (4.0, 7.0, and 9.2) conditions. Processed soil samples (100 g) were spiked at two treatment doses: 2.5 μg/g (T₁) and 5.0 μg/g (T₂). Double distilled buffered water (200 ml) was spiked at two treatment doses: 1.0 μg/ml (T₁) and 2.00 μg/ml (T₂). The tetraconazole dissipation followed first-order reaction kinetics and the residual half-life (T₁/₂) values in soil were found to be in the range of 66.9-77.2 days for T₁ and 73.4-86.0 days for T₂. The persistence increased in the order red lateritic > new alluvial > coastal saline. Interestingly, the red lateritic soil exhibited the lowest pH (5.56) and organic carbon (0.52%) content as compared to other two soils. However, the dissipation of tetraconazole in case of water was not pH dependant. The T₁/₂ values in water were in the range of 94 to 125 days. The study indicated the persistent nature of tetraconazole in soil and water.

Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction method for detection of fluquinconazole and tetraconazole in soil using gas chromatography and confirmation using GC‐MS: application to dissipation kinetics

“…Both half‐lives were shorter than those reported by Alam et al . () for tetraconazole in soil (66.9–86 days). This difference could be attributed to variations in the organic carbon content of the tested soils, which was somewhat higher in our samples (1.5%) than in those of Alam (0.5–1.21%).…”

“…Our findings and those of Alam et al . () were shorter than those reported for propiconazole (200 days; Thorstensen and Lode, ) and for flutriafol, epoxiconazole and triadimenol (more than 2 years; Singh, ).…”

“…No studies on the extraction of fluquinconazole and/or tetraconazole from soil using SFE have been reported, although Alam et al . () did report the use of liquid–liquid extraction to evaluate the persistence of tetraconazole in soil and water. According to the Rural Developmental Administration (Republic of Korea), data concerning the efficacy and residues of a new pesticide product should be generated for each particular crop in order to establish the maximum residue limit.…”

“…The possibility of groundwater pollution also exists, as soil leachate may contain pesticide residues. Thus, the persistence of fungicides in soil needs to be evaluated for their safe and judicious use (Alam et al, 2013).…”

Analysis of residue dynamics of clofentezine in tangerine and field soil by QuEChERS and HPLC-UV methods

“…World Health Organization (WHO) classified clofentezine as the slightly hazardous category III [6]. Alam and Kole [7] reported that hydrolysis was the major dissipation pathway of clofentezine. It can be digested more quickly under alkaline conditions of pH 9.2 with a low half-life value of 0.53 day.…”