Dissociation Between Local Field Potentials and Spiking Activity in Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex Reveals Diagnosticity-Based Encoding of Complex Objects

Nielsen, Kristina J.; Logothetis, Nikos K.; Rainer, Gregor

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2273-06.2006

Cited by 76 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this study, we recorded evoked potentials that presumably reflect synchronized modifications of the polarization of large populations of pyramidal cell dendrites (i.e., postsynaptic potentials). Integration of this information in the cell soma may take a few milliseconds (Nielsen et al, 2006;Monosov et al, 2008). However, the latencies we found, ϳ45 ms for visual stimuli, were remarkably similar to those found in monkeys, despite the fact that latencies are usually delayed in humans compared with monkeys, for example in the medial temporal lobes (Mormann et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Ultra-Rapid Sensory Responses in the Human Frontal Eye Field Region

Kirchner¹,

Barbeau²,

Thorpe³

et al. 2009

Journal of Neuroscience

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Most of what we know about the human frontal eye field (FEF) is extrapolated from studies in animals. There is ample evidence that this region is crucial for eye movements. However, evidence is accumulating that this region also plays a role in sensory processing and that it belongs to a "fast brain" system. We set out to investigate these issues in humans, using intracerebral recordings in patients with drug-refractory epilepsy. Event-related potential recordings were obtained from 11 epileptic patients from within the FEF region while they passed a series of visual and auditory perceptual tests. No eye movement was required. Ultra-rapid responses were observed, with mean onset latencies at 24 ms after stimulus to auditory stimuli and 45 ms to visual stimuli. Such early responses were compatible with cortical routes as assessed with simultaneous recordings in primary auditory and visual cortices. Components were modulated very early by the sensory characteristics of the stimuli, in the 30 -60 ms period for auditory stimuli and in the 45-60 ms period for visual stimuli. Although the frontal lobes in humans are generally viewed as being involved in high-level cognitive processes, these results indicate that the human FEF is a remarkably quickly activated multimodal region that belongs to a network of low-level neocortical sensory areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Ultra-Rapid Sensory Responses in the Human Frontal Eye Field Region

Kirchner¹,

Barbeau²,

Thorpe³

et al. 2009

Journal of Neuroscience

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“…When diagnostic information is processed (between 150 and 250 ms), visual categorisation systems have computed the information required for categorisation decision and motor behaviour. This would extend findings that inferior temporal cortex neurons in nonhuman primates are sensitive to diagnostic object properties (Freedman et al, 2003;Logothetis et al, 1995;Nielsen et al, 2006;Sigala and Logothetis, 2002) by providing, with a more integrated neural signal, the state transitions leading to the diagnostic representation.…”

Section: Functional Interpretation Of Information State Transitionssupporting

confidence: 52%

From a face to its category via a few information processing states in the brain

2007

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Cognitive neuroscience assumes a correspondence between specific spatio-temporal patterns of neural activity and the states of a mechanism that processes cognitive information. Mechanistic explanations of cognition should therefore translate patterns of neural activity into the components of a formal mechanism: a set of information processing states and their transitions. For the first time, we carried out this research programme with four naive observers instructed to categorise randomly presented face information. With classification image techniques, we revealed the diagnostic features that the brain requires to produce correct behaviour (i.e., two eyes for gender categorisation in one session; the mouth for expression in the other session). With the same techniques applied to brain signals, we revealed the features processing states associated with modulations of oscillatory EEG energy (measured on occipito-temporal face-sensitive electrodes). Here we show how transitions between distinct feature processing states in the theta/alpha [4-12 Hz] oscillatory bands implement two face categorisations. On the left and right occipito-temporal electrodes of each observer, processing of the contra-lateral eye precedes bilateral integration of the features required for behaviour. For the first time, we relate stimulus information to behaviour via sequences of categorisation-specific feature processing states in the brain. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.To study face categorisation mechanisms in an information system such as the brain, automata theory (Hopcroft and Ullman, 1979) specifies three generic questions that must be addressed to relate brain activity to the states of an information processing mechanism (i.e., a formal automaton). The first question is that of form: what is the nature of the brain activity supporting face processing-i.e., the states of the brain correlated with face processing? The second question is that of content: what is the information content processed in these brain states? The third question is that of transition: how does information flow from one brain state to the next between stimulus onset and behavioural response? So far, cognitive neuroimaging studies have not simultaneously addressed these three questions. Until this is resolved, inferences about cognitive information processing mechanisms will be severely restricted.To illustrate the problem, researchers have proposed that slow brain rhythms could form distinct states of information processing, on the basis of considerable evidence of a consistent relationship between low frequency, theta (4-8 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz), oscillatory EEG activity of the neural substrate and behavioural variables (Van Rullen and Koch, 2003;Ward, 2003, for reviews). However, definitive evidence is lacking in part because it has been proven difficult to identify precisely the information content of these states from the parametric modulations (i.e., phase and amplitude) of slow brain rhythms. Consequently, little is known about the detailed f...

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“…On the other hand, the dissociation we found between spike and VEP selectivity in V4 is consistent with several studies showing that sensory properties of LFP and SUA at individual cortical sites are qualitatively different (Kreiman et al, 2006;Nielsen et al, 2006;Asher et al, 2007). Specifically, it has been suggested that stimulus-evoked LFP activity rather reflects the sensory characteristics of the intercortical input to an area that local processing within the region (Khawaja et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This has been taken as evidence for the hypothesis that stimulus-evoked components of LFPs reflect the local average of the underlying spiking population response. In contrast, other studies have shown that stimulus-evoked LFPs carry different information from that contained in spiking activity (Kreiman et al, 2006;Nielsen et al, 2006;Asher et al, 2007;Monosov et al, 2008). For example, a recent study reported a strong correspondence between sensory characteristics of LFPs within a given area and its presumed feedforward input (Khawaja et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Dissociable Effects of Natural Image Structure and Color on LFP and Spiking Activity in the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex and Extrastriate Visual Area V4

Liebe¹,

Logothetis²,

Rainer³

2011

Journal of Neuroscience

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Visual perception is mediated by unique contributions of the numerous brain regions that constitute the visual system. We performed simultaneous recordings of local field potentials (LFPs) and single unit activity (SUA) in areas V4 and lateral prefrontal cortex to characterize their contribution to visual processing. Here, we trained monkeys to identify natural images at different degradation levels in a visual recognition task. We parametrically varied color and structural information of natural images while the animals were performing the task. We show that the visual-evoked potential (VEP) of the LFP in V4 is highly sensitive to color, whereas the VEP in prefrontal cortex predominantly depends on image structure. When examining the relationship between VEP and SUA, we found that stimulus sensitivity for SUA was well predicted by the VEP in PF cortex but not in V4. Our results first reveal a functional specialization in both areas at the level of the LFP and further suggest that the degree to which mesoscopic signals, such as the VEP, are representative of the underlying SUA neural processing may be brain region specific within the context of visual recognition.

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Dissociation Between Local Field Potentials and Spiking Activity in Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex Reveals Diagnosticity-Based Encoding of Complex Objects

Cited by 76 publications

References 35 publications

Ultra-Rapid Sensory Responses in the Human Frontal Eye Field Region

Ultra-Rapid Sensory Responses in the Human Frontal Eye Field Region

From a face to its category via a few information processing states in the brain

Dissociable Effects of Natural Image Structure and Color on LFP and Spiking Activity in the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex and Extrastriate Visual Area V4

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