Dissociation of Candida Albicans by Lithium Chloride and Immune Serum

Mickle, Walter A.; Jones, Claudius P.

doi:10.1128/jb.39.6.633-647.1940

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This organism was shown by Stovall and Bubolz (1932) to be Monilia type II (albicans) and is listed in the synonymy of Candida albicans by Langeron and Guerra (1938), although they did not study a culture. Our culture from the C. B. S. differed from the typical albicans in that no chlamydospores were formed in corn meal agar and the arrangement of mycelia in this medium closely resembled that of dissociated Candida albicans, (Mickle and Jones 1940). The first cultures on blood agar gave rhizoid colonies and smears from Sabouraud's medium showed long narrow yeastlike cells superficially resembling C. krusei.…”

Section: Atypical Strainsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Atypical colonies were ignored in the same manner that a bacteriologist selects only smooth typical colonies for pure culture study. The microscopic and macroscopic morphologic changes brought about by enforced dissociation studied recently in this laboratory by Mickle and Jones (1940), may explain some of the difficulties encountered in other laboratories in the morphologic study of old cultures. In all but 1 of our 461 freshly isolated strains, all or the great majority of the colonies appearing on the first blood agar plating were smooth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Two Candida triadis (466) had the same sugar fermentations as albicans but the colonies on blood agar were noticeably smaller than the typical albicans colonies. The mycelial development on corn meal agar was atypical in that long narrow hyphae were arranged in wavy parallel rows suggesting the mycelial arrangement brought about by lithium chloride dissociation (Mickle and Jones, 1940). The organism was not pathogenic for rabbits.…”

Section: Atypical Strainsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…We have injected more than 50 strains of C. albicans into rabbits and all but 1 died with typical lesions in 2 to 7 days. The non-pathogenic strain had all the characteristics of dissociated Candida albicans described by Mickle and Jones (1940). On the other hand, more than 40 strains of C. stellatoidea have been injected and none was pathogenic.…”

Section: Other Strainsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Mycocandida pinoyisimilis (451) had the sugar fermentations of C. albicans but the blood agar colonies were darker than usual and the corn meal agar slide culture showed mycelial development similar to that of C. albicans dissociated by lithium chloride (Mickle and Jones, 1940). There were no chlamydospores.…”

Section: Atypical Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Further Studies on the Practical Classification of the Monilias

Martin

Jones

1940

J Bacteriol

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having been suggested previously by workers in other laboratories. Since many strains were unavailable, both synonymies were based chiefly on descriptions found in the literature. The confusion caused by the use of such methods is well illustrated by Dodge (1935), who splits into 5 different genera (Syringospora, Blastodendrion, Zymonema, Castellania, and Candida), those 51 fungi in regard to which there is complete agreement between Langeron and Guerra (1938) and Ciferri et al. (1938) that they all belong to a single species albicans.In 1937 we published a method of classification based on the study of 172 strains of anascosporogenous mycelia-producing yeastlike fungi, 169 of which could be classified into one of 6 species, including a new species, Monilia stellatoidea. The methods were essentially bacteriologic in nature beginning with the streaking of a blood agar plate from a 48-hour growth in glucose broth. This blood agar plate was an essentialpart of the procedure because it not only allowed the detection of bacterial contaminants, but also enabled the observer to pick a pure smooth colony for subculture. By following a rigid technique it was found that the carbohydrate fermentations and microscopic morphology on corn meal agar were remarkably constant for each species. By thus combining many of the essential points in the identification of pathogenic bacteria, i.e., microscopic morphology, colony morphology, carbohydrate fermentations, growth in broth, agglutination and animal pathogenicity, it was possible to establish diagnostic criteria for these mycelia-producing non-ascosporogenous yeasts.Since publication of this paper, we have received, from various mycologists, numerous criticisms attacking our retention of the name "Monilia," the use of such an unusual medium as "blood agar," and the synonymy as presented in that paper. The name "Monilia" was retained by us because it is a generic name which is recognized by the clinician and the bacteriologist. We have been unable to convince ourselves that it would be worthwhile to enter into this controversy over taxonomy. Since the acceptable generic name is determined by priority of usage and the cultures studied by these early investigators are no longer 610 on July 16, 2020 by guest

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Section: Atypical Strainsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Atypical Strainsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Other Strainsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Atypical Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations