Dissociation of nanosilicates induces downstream endochondral differentiation gene expression program

Abstract

Bioactive materials harness the body’s innate regenerative potential by directing endogenous progenitor cells to facilitate tissue repair. Dissolution products of inorganic biomaterials provide unique biomolecular signaling for tissue-specific differentiation. Inorganic ions (minerals) are vital to biological processes and play crucial roles in regulating gene expression patterns and directing cellular fate. However, mechanisms by which ionic dissolution products affect cellular differentiation are not well characterized. We demonstrate the role of the inorganic biomaterial synthetic two-dimensional nanosilicates and its ionic dissolution products on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. We use whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-sequencing) to characterize the contribution of nanosilicates and its ionic dissolution products on endochondral differentiation. Our study highlights the modulatory role of ions in stem cell transcriptome dynamics by regulating lineage-specific gene expression patterns. This work paves the way for leveraging biochemical characteristics of inorganic biomaterials to direct cellular processes and promote in situ tissue regeneration.

Laponite for biomedical applications: An ophthalmological perspective

“…Several studies claim IC50 values of Laponite vary considerably, ranging from 0.05 to 50 mg/mL [ 44 ]. Laponite particles have been shown to naturally degrade in ∼30 days on average; a hydrogel with a residence time of >30 days prevents complete Laponite particles escaping the hydrogel, thereby preventing adverse cytotoxicity [ 45 ]. Laponite, especially LaponiteⓇ XLG, is considered suitable for biomedical application due to its low heavy metal content.…”

Tracking cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking and fate of nanoclay particles in human bone marrow stromal cells

“…Moreover, Brokesh et al reported the vulnerability of nanoclay particles for degradation at both pH 7.4 (mimicking extracellular environment) and pH 5.5 (mimicking endosome microenvironment) in a time-dependent manner. 44 Moreover, anticancer drugs loaded on/in nanoclay followed higher release rate in acidic lysosomal-mimicking pH conditions than in physiological conditions 32,45 which might again be attributed to acid-enhanced nanoparticle degradation under these low pH conditions. The equation for this pH dependent dissolution is shown by Thompson and Butterworth equation below.…”

Design of Multi-Functional Bio-Safe Dental Resin Composites with Mineralization and Anti-Biofilm Properties

“…Interestingly, when BAG fillers were added at a concentration of 7.7 vol%, ALP expression increased dramatically, while it still remained lower than the control group. A study [27] demonstrated that higher concentrations of Si induced higher differentiationrelated gene expression upregulation. The higher release of Si in BAG7.7 than in BAG1.9 and BAG3.8 might account for the increased ALP activity, which was still lower than that of the control group without BAG fillers due to the adverse effects of the alkaline environment.…”