Dissolution of refractories for gasification process of petroleum coke for the steel industry

The effect of phase formation during use on the chemical corrosion of magnesia–chromite refractories in contact with a non-ferrous PbO–SiO2 based slag

“…For example, industrial furnaces often apply external cooling of the lining [18,19], thereby freezing the liquid in the brick before deep infiltration occurs; however, this can apply additional thermo-mechanical stresses on the lining. The reactions between the infiltrating slag and the refractory phases can slow down or even prevent further infiltration by either changing the liquid composition (making it more viscous) [20] or by the formation of new phases [21], blocking the pores. As mentioned earlier, these new phases can be undesirable if they lead to internal stresses during thermal cycling but can, alternatively, be a sound way to limit chemical degradation for those linings where thermal cycling during industrial operation is minimal.…”

Advances in Coal Gasification, Hydrogenation, and Gas Treating for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels

“…144 In work focused on a novel steelmaking process involving integration of petroleum coke gasification and direct reduction of iron (DRI), Puente-Ornelas et al found that magnesium aluminate could be an effective nonchrome addition to reduce slag penetration into an alumina refractory. 145 Alumina refractories have been used in oil gasification with success for over 50 years, but have little resistance to coal slags, so it will be interesting to see how this idea develops further. General Electric (GE or GE Energy) has patented the addition of manganese oxide to the feedstock to improve refractory life.…”

“…In parallel, the U.S. DOE Pacific Northwest Laboratory has been examining other influences on refractory life, taking an integrated approach to include modeling and process optimization . In work focused on a novel steelmaking process involving integration of petroleum coke gasification and direct reduction of iron (DRI), Puente-Ornelas et al found that magnesium aluminate could be an effective nonchrome addition to reduce slag penetration into an alumina refractory . Alumina refractories have been used in oil gasification with success for over 50 years, but have little resistance to coal slags, so it will be interesting to see how this idea develops further.…”