Dissolution, regeneration and characterisation of formic acid and Alcell lignin in ionic liquid-based systems

Cellulose enzymatic saccharification and preparation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural based on bamboo hydrolysis residue separation in ionic liquids

“…8 and the intensity of each peak was listed in Table 2. It could be seen that 1 (s, 1H, -OH) and their intensity were all in line with described in literature. 52 So, from the above analysis, we could ensure that the product prepared was indeed 5-HMF.…”

“…With the shortage of fossil energy and serious environment problems, people have been continuously trying to exploit new environmental energy resources. 1 Biomass is considered as the ideal substitute for fossil energy because of its low price and renewability. 2 Therefore, researching and developing the utilization of biomass energy has become the focus of many countries in the world.…”

Recovery and characterization of lignin from alkaline straw pulping black liquor: As feedstock for bio‐oil research

“…The final stage occurred after 436°C and the maximum mass loss presented at 534°C. It involved CC bond cleavage and the cracking of the methoxy groups, meanwhile, the decomposition of aromatic ring occurred in this stage . Eventually, small amounts of char residues formed.…”

Extraction of lignin from tobacco stem using ionic liquid

“…Recently different kinds of ionic liquids (ILs) are used for timber treatment such as birch, spruce, and pine [3][4][5][6] and named the lignin as ionic liquid lignin (ILL) [9]. Sun et al showed that lignin was degraded partially in [Emim][OAc] and explained the model of the bond break of β-O-4 of lignin in acidic ionic liquidis was proposed [10]. The mechanism of lignin dissolution and regeneration is the destruction and reorganization of hydrogen bond, so the mixture of acetone and water can be used for lignin regeneration [11].…”