Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration, Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Gremm, Th. J.; Kaplan, Louis

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-401x(199805)26:3<167::aid-aheh167>3.0.co;2-q

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The observed increase in protein‐like fluorescence in four of the five study streams is consistent with other studies that have found stormflow DOM to be enriched in carbohydrates [ McDowell and Likens , 1988; Gremm and Kaplan , 1998] and dissolved amino acids [ Lytle and Perdue , 1981] relative to base flow. Previous results from a freshwater marsh along the Williamson River, Oregon showed that >96% of the dissolved amino acids in soil solution are associated with aquatic humus and proposed that flushing of soil humic substances from the adjacent landscape transports amino acids into the stream during spates [ Lytle and Perdue , 1981].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Changes in the concentration, biodegradability, and fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter during stormflows in coastal temperate watersheds

et al. 2009

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[1] Dissolved organic matter (DOM) transport during storms is studied because it is important in the annual watershed export budget for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We sampled stream water from two watersheds (upland and wetland-dominated) and three subcatchments (bog, forested wetland, and mineral forest) located within the wetland-dominated watershed during a fall and summer storm to investigate changes in the magnitude and chemical quality of DOM during stormflows. Stormflow export of DOC ranged from 2.3 kg C ha À1 in the upland watershed to 13.9 kg C ha À1 in the bog subcatchment. Biodegradable DOC (BDOC) export for these same storms ranged from 0.6 kg C ha À1 in the upland watershed to 4.2 kg C ha À1 in the bog subcatchment. The percent BDOC decreased during both storms in the upland watershed, while percent BDOC increased in the three wetland streams. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices further showed that as stream water DOM concentrations increased during stormflows in the upland watershed, the contribution of protein-like fluorescence decreased and humic-like fluorescence increased. However, the contribution of protein-like fluorescence increased and humic-like fluorescence decreased slightly in the three wetland streams. These results indicate that shifts in the biodegradability and chemical quality of DOM are different for upland and wetland watersheds. Taken together, our findings suggest stormflows are responsible for substantial export of BDOC from coastal temperate watersheds. Moreover, we found that PARAFAC modeling of fluorescent DOM is an effective tool for elucidating shifts in the quality of stream water DOM during storms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Changes in the concentration, biodegradability, and fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter during stormflows in coastal temperate watersheds

et al. 2009

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“…These patterns have been interpreted as indicating the selective utilization and removal of THAA and THNS by heterotrophic microorganisms. This leads to an overall decrease in the bioavailability of TOC over time and an increase in concentrations of DIC as TOC is mineralized (Weiss and Simon 1999; Volk et al 1997; Gremm and Kaplan 1998; Amon et al 2001; Benner 2002, 2003). This overall pattern, although occurring at a different spatial scale, might be expected in ground water systems as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Indicators for the Bioavailability of Organic Carbon in Ground Water

et al. 2009

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The bioavailability of total organic carbon (TOC) was examined in ground water from two hydrologically distinct aquifers using biochemical indicators widely employed in chemical oceanography. Concentrations of total hydrolyzable neutral sugars (THNS), total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA), and carbon-normalized percentages of TOC present as THNS and THAA (referred to as ''yields'') were assessed as indicators of bioavailability. A shallow coastal plain aquifer in Kings Bay, Georgia, was characterized by relatively high concentrations (425 to 1492 lM; 5.1 to 17.9 mg/L) of TOC but relatively low THNS and THAA yields (~0.2%-1.0%). These low yields are consistent with the highly biodegraded nature of TOC mobilized from relatively ancient (Pleistocene) sediments overlying the aquifer. In contrast, a shallow fractured rock aquifer in West Trenton, New Jersey, exhibited lower TOC concentrations (47 to 325 lM; 0.6 to 3.9 mg/L) but higher THNS and THAA yields (~1% to 4%). These higher yields were consistent with the younger, and thus more bioavailable, TOC being mobilized from modern soils overlying the aquifer. Consistent with these apparent differences in TOC bioavailability, no significant correlation between TOC and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), a product of organic carbon mineralization, was observed at Kings Bay, whereas a strong correlation was observed at West Trenton. In contrast to TOC, THNS and THAA concentrations were observed to correlate with DIC at the Kings Bay site. These observations suggest that biochemical indicators such as THNS and THAA may provide information concerning the bioavailability of organic carbon present in ground water that is not available from TOC measurements alone.

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“…Globally, concentrations of hydrolysable neutral sugars in aquatic environments are extremely variable ranging from 0.05 to >100 lM (Mu¨nster and Chro´st, 1990;Wicks et al, 1991;Borch and Kirchman, 1997;Gremm and Kaplan, 1998). Concentrations of total hydrolysable neutral sugars in Light, Moss and Sombre Lakes were comparable to those commonly measured in oligotrophic -mesotrophic freshwaters from other environments (Tranvik and Jørgensen, 1995).…”

Section: Abundance and Yield Of Hydrolysable Neutral Sugarsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Comparison of the neutral sugar yields of DOC from different aquatic environments compared with the lakes of this study. Humic lake and clearwater lake [data from Tranvik and Jørgensen (1995)]; freshwater lake, freshwater swamp and saltwater swamp [data from Wicks et al (1991)]; streamwater data (Gremm and Kaplan, 1998), meromictic lake data (Hayakawa, 2004) and river and seawater (Benner, 2003). which organic material of >1000 Da (UDOM) was found to be enriched in polysaccharides (Amon and Benner, 1994;McCarthy et al, 1996).…”

Section: Abundance and Yield Of Hydrolysable Neutral Sugarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…streamwater data (Gremm and Kaplan, 1998), meromictic lake data (Hayakawa, 2004) and river and seawater (Benner, 2003). and xylose can be abundant in samples collected after phytoplankton blooms with colony forming bacteria and zooplankton; xylose and arabinose have been found at relatively high levels in soils and fucose tends to indicate a bacterial origin (Gremm and Kaplan, 1998;Hayakawa, 2004). To summarise, there have been several attempts to use carbohydrates as organic matter source indicators but patterns tend to be inconsistent among studies and environments.…”

Section: Hydrolysable Neutral Sugar Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentration, Molecular Weight Distribution and Neutral Sugar Composition of DOC in Maritime Antarctic Lakes of Differing Trophic Status

Quayle

Convey

2006

Aquat Geochem

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The molecular weight distributions and hydrolysable neutral sugar composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was investigated in four maritime Antarctic lakes on Signy Island of different trophic status; Heywood Lake (eutrophic), Light Lake (oligo-mesotrophic), Sombre Lake and Moss Lake (both oligotrophic). Tangential flow ultra-filtration (TFU) was used to separate DOC into high molecular weight (HMW; >1000 Da) and low molecular weight (LMW; <1000 Da) size fractions. Pulsed amperometric detection-high performance liquid chromatography (PAD-HPLC) was used to determine the hydrolysable neutral sugar molecular composition of each size fraction. Total DOC concentrations defined the trophic trend in the four lakes and ranged from 8 to 303 lM. The <1000 Da fraction of all the lakes dominated the DOC distribution, comprising 76% in Light Lake which also had the highest chl-a concentrations. Heywood Lake was relatively enriched in >1000 Da total organic carbon and had extremely high concentrations of total hydrolysable neutral sugars (11 lM) corresponding to 43% of total DOC. However, no clear pattern was apparent with regard to lake trophic status and potential sources of DOC, and the measured variations in individual aldose concentration, composition and their various molecular weight fractions.

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Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration, Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

Changes in the concentration, biodegradability, and fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter during stormflows in coastal temperate watersheds

Changes in the concentration, biodegradability, and fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter during stormflows in coastal temperate watersheds

Biochemical Indicators for the Bioavailability of Organic Carbon in Ground Water

Concentration, Molecular Weight Distribution and Neutral Sugar Composition of DOC in Maritime Antarctic Lakes of Differing Trophic Status

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