Distance estimation with mixed real and virtual targets in stereoscopic displays

Lin, Chiuhsiang Joe; Woldegiorgis, Bereket Haile; Caesaron, Dino; Cheng, Lai-Yu

doi:10.1016/j.displa.2014.11.006

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Previous work has highlighted a perceived compression of distance in VEs [21,30,38]. In these studies, for a given task there is typically a discrepancy in participants' responses within the VE compared to the real world.…”

Section: Compression In Visual Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensating for Distance Compression in Audiovisual Virtual Environments Using Incongruence

Finnegan

O’Neill

Proulx

2016

Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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A key requirement for a sense of presence in Virtual Environments (VEs) is for a user to perceive space as naturally as possible. One critical aspect is distance perception. When judging distances, compression is a phenomenon where humans tend to underestimate the distance between themselves and target objects (termed egocentric or absolute compression), and between other objects (exocentric or relative compression). Results of studies in virtual worlds rendered through head mounted displays are striking, demonstrating significant distance compression error. Distance compression is a multisensory phenomenon, where both audio and visual stimuli are often compressed with respect to their distances from the observer. In this paper, we propose and test a method for reducing crossmodal distance compression in VEs. We report an empirical evaluation of our method via a study of 3D spatial perception within a virtual reality (VR) head mounted display. Applying our method resulted in more accurate distance perception in a VE at longer range, and suggests a modification that could adaptively compensate for distance compression at both shorter and longer ranges. Our results have a significant and intriguing implication for designers of VEs: an incongruent audiovisual display, i.e. where the audio and visual information is intentionally misaligned, may lead to better spatial perception of a virtual scene.

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Section: Compression In Visual Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensating for Distance Compression in Audiovisual Virtual Environments Using Incongruence

Finnegan

O’Neill

Proulx

2016

Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…But, by expanding the GFOV, the second experiment found accurate estimations. In our recent studies, , a perceptual matching task was used to evaluate the judgment in both VR and AR environments where 10‐ to 50‐cm center‐to‐center distance between targets within 100‐cm distance from the observer were presented. The overall distance judgment accuracy was found to be only about 80% and 84% of the actual distance in virtual and augmented environments, respectively.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Distance Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In AR, optical or video approaches are employed to integrate virtual 3D image into the physical environment so that both can coexist . Therefore, unlike VR, AR supplements real‐world environment instead of completely replacing it .…”

Section: Evaluation Of Distance Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In AR, optical or video approaches are employed to integrate virtual 3D image into the physical environment so that both can coexist. [64][65][66] Therefore, unlike VR, AR supplements realworld environment instead of completely replacing it. 66 Based on the display technology employed, Nicolau et al 32 classified AR systems into four: video based, see-through, projection based, and tracking.…”

Section: Distance Perception In Augmented Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction and visual performance in stereoscopic displays: A review

Lin

Woldegiorgis

2015

J Soc Info Display

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In this paper, authors systematically selected and reviewed articles related to stereoscopic displays and their advances, with a special focus on perception, interaction, and corresponding challenges. The aim was to understand interaction‐related problems, provide possible explanations, and identify factors that limit their applications. Despite promising advancements, there are still issues that researchers in the field fail to explain precisely. The two major problems in stereoscopic viewing are, compared with the real world, objects are perceived to be smaller than they actually are and there are discomfort and visual syndromes. Furthermore, there is general agreement that humans underestimate their egocentric distance in a virtual environment (VE). Our analysis revealed that in the real world, distance estimation is about 94% accurate, but in VE, it is only about 80% accurate. This problem could reduce the efficacy of different sensory motor‐based applications where interaction is important. Experts from human factors, computing, psychology, and others have studied contributing factors such as types of perception/response method, quality of graphics, associated stereoscopic conditions, experience in virtual reality (VR), and distance signals. This paper discusses the factors requiring further investigation if the VR interaction is to be seamlessly realized. In addition, engineering research directions aiming at improving current interaction performances are recommended.

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“…Following the overall underestimation of distance in the virtual environment in both egocentric and exocentric distance spaces, one may expect that the compression could be volumetric . The results by Lin et al and Lin et al showed a significant effect of parallax on a center‐to‐center distance between mixed real and virtual targets and between two virtual targets, respectively. Similarly, Kelly et al also argued that virtual perception is inaccurate both in depth and frontal planes, where underestimation was reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The accuracy of distance perception in the frontal plane of projection‐based stereoscopic environments

Woldegiorgis

Lin

2017

J Soc Info Display

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An experiment was conducted to investigate the accuracy of distance judgment in a frontal plane of projection‐based stereoscopic environments. The targets were presented at nine distinct frontal plane positions and at three depth levels. Eighteen right‐handed participants with self‐declared normal visual acuity reached the target, either continuously visible or presented briefly, by holding pointing sticks. All combinations of the experimental conditions were repeated for an equivalent real‐world environment. Accuracies of judgments were then computed from three‐dimensional data collected by a motion system composed of six infrared cameras. As compared with about 94% accuracy in the physical world, the space in the frontal plane was only about 85% on the stereoscopic environment. The result also revealed more accurate judgment in the continuous presence of the target. Furthermore, the accuracy was affected by the egocentric distance of the frontal plane from the position of the participant. The study concluded that the compression in the frontal plane and underestimation of depth, which has been reported by the majority of previous studies could be an indication that the space compression in virtual environments might be in all the three‐dimensions. These findings can be used as guidelines for developers and content designers to properly locate virtual targets and selection of efficient interaction modes.

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Distance estimation with mixed real and virtual targets in stereoscopic displays

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Compensating for Distance Compression in Audiovisual Virtual Environments Using Incongruence

Compensating for Distance Compression in Audiovisual Virtual Environments Using Incongruence

Interaction and visual performance in stereoscopic displays: A review

The accuracy of distance perception in the frontal plane of projection‐based stereoscopic environments

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