“…In ODL situations, navigational guidance is essential for the learners to use the IMM, as they are learning in isolation. Others have also used navigational help in their packages (Andrewartha & Wilmot, 2001;Harsasi, Muzammil, & Riana, 2008), thereby helping learners in organising the content and orienting them in a proper learning path (Niederhauser, 2008).…”