Distinct impact of different types of aerosols on surface solar radiation in China

Yang, Xin; Zhao, Chuanfeng; Zhou, Liping; Wang, Yang; Liu, Xiaohong

doi:10.1002/2016jd024938

Cited by 143 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…To eliminate the contamination of cloud and precipitation, data samples under cloudy (CF ≥ 0.1) or rainy conditions (TP > 0) are removed. In agreement with Yang et al (2016), we note that even with this limitation, some days with few broken clouds (CF < 0.1) still can introduce additional uncertainties to our study. The PBLHs are extracted from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim; Dee et al, 2011), with a horizontal resolution of 0.125 • × 0.125 • and 3 h temporal resolution.…”

Section: Meteorological Datasupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The direct effect of aerosol on radiation refers to the scattering and absorption of the solar and longwave radiation by aerosol (Charlson et al, 1992;Koren et al, 2004;Lohmann and Feichter, 2005;Qian et al, 2007;Li et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2016) and the indirect effect of aerosol on radiation is associated with changes in the cloud macro-and micro-physical properties caused by aerosol which can serve as cloud condensation nuclei or ice nuclei (Twomey, 1977;Albrecht, 1989;Kaufman and Fraser, 1997;Feingold, 2003;Garrett et al, 2004;Gar-rett and Zhao, 2006;Zhao et al, 2012;Hoose and Möhler, 2012;Liu et al, 2012;Zhao and Garrett, 2015). The radiative effect of aerosol is relatively large due to increased emissions of pollution in East Asia (Wang et al, 2010a;Zhuang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of influential factors for the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and AOD in Beijing

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and PM 2.5 is often investigated in order to obtain surface PM 2.5 from satellite observation of AOD with a broad area coverage. However, various factors could affect the AOD-PM 2.5 regressions. Using both ground and satellite observations in Beijing from 2011 to 2015, this study analyzes the influential factors including the aerosol type, relative humidity (RH), planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), wind speed and direction, and the vertical structure of aerosol distribution. The ratio of PM 2.5 to AOD, which is defined as η, and the square of their correlation coefficient (R 2 ) have been examined. It shows that η varies from 54.32 to 183.14, 87.32 to 104.79, 95.13 to 163.52, and 1.23 to 235.08 µg m −3 with aerosol type in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively. η is smaller for scattering-dominant aerosols than for absorbing-dominant aerosols, and smaller for coarse-mode aerosols than for fine-mode aerosols. Both RH and PBLH affect the η value significantly. The higher the RH, the smaller the η, and the higher the PBLH, the smaller the η. For AOD and PM 2.5 data with the correction of RH and PBLH compared to those without, R 2 of monthly averaged PM 2.5 and AOD at 14:00 LT increases from 0.63 to 0.76, and R 2 of multi-year averaged PM 2.5 and AOD by time of day increases from 0.01 to 0.93, 0.24 to 0.84, 0.85 to 0.91, and 0.84 to 0.93 in four seasons respectively. Wind direction is a key factor for the transport and spatial-temporal distribution of aerosols originated from different sources with distinctive physicochemical characteristics. Similar to the variation in AOD and PM 2.5 , η also decreases with the increasing surface wind speed, indicating that the contribution of surface PM 2.5 concentrations to AOD decreases with surface wind speed. The vertical structure of aerosol exhibits a remarkable change with seasons, with most particles concentrated within about 500 m in summer and within 150 m in winter. Compared to the AOD of the whole atmosphere, AOD below 500 m has a better correlation with PM 2.5 , for which R 2 is 0.77. This study suggests that all the above influential factors should be considered when we investigate the AOD-PM 2.5 relationships.

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Section: Meteorological Datasupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of influential factors for the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and AOD in Beijing

et al. 2017

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“…Such kind of effect was named as the "dome effect" of BC . Similar effect has also been found for BC over the Indian Ocean (Wilcox et al, 2016), and dust aerosols in northern and eastern China Yang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Dome effect of black carbon and its key influencing factors: A one-dimensional modelling study

Wang¹,

Huang²,

Ding³

2017

Preprint

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Black carbon (BC) has been identified to play a critical role in aerosol-planet boundary layer (PBL) interaction and further deterioration of near-surface air pollution in megacities, which has been named as its "dome effect". However, the impacts of key factors that influence this effect, such as the vertical distribution and aging processes of BC, and also the underlying land surface, have not been quantitatively explored yet. Here, based on available in-situ measurements of meteorology and 15 atmospheric aerosols together with the meteorology-chemistry online coupled model, WRF-Chem, we conduct a set of parallel simulations to quantify the roles of these factors in influencing the BC's dome effect and surface haze pollution, and discuss the main implications of the results to air pollution mitigation in China. We found that the impact of BC on PBL is very sensitive to the altitude of aerosol layer. The upper level BC, especially those near the capping inversion, is more essential in suppressing the PBL height and weakening the turbulence mixing. The dome effect of BC tends to be significantly intensified 20 as BC aerosol mixed with scattering aerosols during winter haze events, resulting in a decrease of PBL height by more than 25%. In addition, the dome effect is more substantial (up to 15%) in rural areas than that in the urban areas with the same BC loading, indicating an unexpected regional impact of such kind of effect to air quality in countryside. This study suggests that China's regional air pollution would greatly benefit from BC emission reductions, especially those from the elevated sources from the chimneys and also the domestic combustions in rural areas, through weakening the aerosol-boundary layer 25 interactions that triggered by BC.

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“…Another observation‐based estimation by Yang et al () found that the ADR effect can strengthen the total aerosol amount by ~12% and ~15% through reductions in the near‐surface wind and BLH in Beijing, respectively, which are even larger than model simulation results. Yang et al () further analyzed the sensitivity of the ADR effect to aerosol type in China and found that the net effects of aerosols on the surface solar radiation and corresponding climatic effects are dependent on both the aerosol amount and optical properties. Note that the aforementioned studies are mostly of short duration.…”

Section: Aerosol Formation Nucleation Optical Properties and Radiamentioning

confidence: 99%

East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols and their Impact on Regional Clouds, Precipitation, and Climate (EAST‐AIR_CPC)

et al. 2019

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Aerosols have significant and complex impacts on regional climate in East Asia. Cloud‐aerosol‐precipitation interactions (CAPI) remain most challenging in climate studies. The quantitative understanding of CAPI requires good knowledge of aerosols, ranging from their formation, composition, transport, and their radiative, hygroscopic, and microphysical properties. A comprehensive review is presented here centered on the CAPI based chiefly, but not limited to, publications in the special section named EAST‐AIRcpc concerning (1) observations of aerosol loading and properties, (2) relationships between aerosols and meteorological variables affecting CAPI, (3) mechanisms behind CAPI, and (4) quantification of CAPI and their impact on climate. Heavy aerosol loading in East Asia has significant radiative effects by reducing surface radiation, increasing the air temperature, and lowering the boundary layer height. A key factor is aerosol absorption, which is particularly strong in central China. This absorption can have a wide range of impacts such as creating an imbalance of aerosol radiative forcing at the top and bottom of the atmosphere, leading to inconsistent retrievals of cloud variables from space‐borne and ground‐based instruments. Aerosol radiative forcing can delay or suppress the initiation and development of convective clouds whose microphysics can be further altered by the microphysical effect of aerosols. For the same cloud thickness, the likelihood of precipitation is influenced by aerosols: suppressing light rain and enhancing heavy rain, delaying but intensifying thunderstorms, and reducing the onset of isolated showers in most parts of China. Rainfall has become more inhomogeneous and more extreme in the heavily polluted urban regions.

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Distinct impact of different types of aerosols on surface solar radiation in China

Cited by 143 publications

References 59 publications

Analysis of influential factors for the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and AOD in Beijing

Analysis of influential factors for the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and AOD in Beijing

Dome effect of black carbon and its key influencing factors: A one-dimensional modelling study

East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols and their Impact on Regional Clouds, Precipitation, and Climate (EAST‐AIR_CPC)

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Distinct impact of different types of aerosols on surface solar radiation in China

Cited by 143 publications

References 59 publications

Analysis of influential factors for the relationship between PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and AOD in Beijing

Analysis of influential factors for the relationship between PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and AOD in Beijing

Dome effect of black carbon and its key influencing factors: A one-dimensional modelling study

East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols and their Impact on Regional Clouds, Precipitation, and Climate (EAST‐AIRCPC)

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Analysis of influential factors for the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and AOD in Beijing

Analysis of influential factors for the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and AOD in Beijing

East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols and their Impact on Regional Clouds, Precipitation, and Climate (EAST‐AIR_CPC)