Distinct modes of East Asian Winter Monsoon documented by a southern Red Sea coral record

Ionita, Monica; Felis, Thomas; Lohmann, Gerrit; Rîmbu, Norel; Pätzold, Jürgen

doi:10.1002/2013jc009203

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…It is clear that only a few studies link the RS and GA with large-scale modes. Motivated by the above findings [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], we speculate that climate variability has significant impact on sea level variability in the RS and GA, with seasonal and interannual fluctuations that can be correlated with large-scale climate modes. Taking this in consideration, the purpose of this effort was to fill this gap while using archiving, validation, and interpretation of satellite oceanographic (AVISO) sea level anomaly (SLA) data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…That is due to the advection of cold and dry air masses from the North Pole. Furthermore, Monica et al (2014) [34] used coral oxygen isotopes from the Southern RS during the winter season. They indicated that the temperature and salinity variations from 1930 to 1960 are mainly affected by ENSO, while there is evidence of change that the variability from 1960 to 1990 is related to the ENSO-independent part of the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-Scale Mode Impacts on the Sea Level over the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden

et al. 2019

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Falling between seasonal cycle variability and the impact of local drivers, the sea level in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden has been given less consideration, especially with large-scale modes. With multiple decades of satellite altimetry observations combined with good spatial resolution, the time has come for diagnosis of the impact of large-scale modes on the sea level in those important semi-enclosed basins. While the annual cycle of sea level appeared as a dominant cycle using spectral analysis, the semi-annual one was also found, although much weaker. The first empirical orthogonal function mode explained, on average, about 65% of the total variance throughout the seasons, while their principal components clearly captured the strong La Niña event (1999–2001) in all seasons. The sea level showed a strong positive relation with positive phase El Niño Southern Oscillation in all seasons and a strong negative relation with East Atlantic/West Russia during winter and spring over the study period (1993–2017). We show that the unusually stronger easterly winds that are displaced north of the equator generate an upwelling area near the Sumatra coast and they drive both warm surface and deep-water masses toward the West Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea, rising sea level over the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. This process could explain the increase of sea level in the basin during the positive phase of El Niño Southern Oscillation events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Mode Impacts on the Sea Level over the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden

et al. 2019

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“…It is highly saline (>39 ppm) due to low levels of rainfall in the surrounding region and limited exchange of water with rivers or other seas (Rasul et al, 2015). SST in the southern part of the Red Sea is influenced by the incursion of Indian Ocean waters governed by the Asian monsoon system (and El Niño-Southern Oscillation [ENSO], Ionita et al, 2014;Klein et al, 1997), while the northern part is influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO, Felis et al, 2000;Rimbu et al, 2001). SST in the southern part of the Red Sea is influenced by the incursion of Indian Ocean waters governed by the Asian monsoon system (and El Niño-Southern Oscillation [ENSO], Ionita et al, 2014;Klein et al, 1997), while the northern part is influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO, Felis et al, 2000;Rimbu et al, 2001).…”

Section: Site Description and Climatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Red Sea can be divided into three ecologically distinct regions: (1) the northern region that is connected to the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal in the northwest and to the Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast; (2) the central region (20-24°N) that is extremely arid with minimal rainfall and riverine input, causing a nutrient poor environment; and (3) the southern region that is most heavily influenced by the Indian Ocean via exchange through the narrow Bab-al-Mandeb Strait (Rasul et al, 2015). SST in the southern part of the Red Sea is influenced by the incursion of Indian Ocean waters governed by the Asian monsoon system (and El Niño-Southern Oscillation [ENSO], Ionita et al, 2014;Klein et al, 1997), while the northern part is influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO, Felis et al, 2000;Rimbu et al, 2001). Our work was conducted in the central region of the Red Sea, close to the coast of Saudi Arabia (around 22°N, Figure 1), which is mainly influenced by ENSO.…”

Section: Site Description and Climatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐Term Impacts of the 1997–1998 Bleaching Event on the Growth and Resilience of Massive Porites Corals From the Central Red Sea

D’Olivo

Georgiou

Falter

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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This study investigates the impact of extreme heat wave events on long‐lived massive corals (Porites spp.) from the central Saudi Arabian Red Sea using trace element (Sr/Ca, Li/Mg, Mg/Ca, U/Ca, B/Ca, and Li/Ca) records preserved in the coral skeleton for the period between 1992 and 2012. Prior to 1998, the trace element records show strong correlations with sea surface temperature. However, during the prolonged high temperature phase associated with the 1998 El Niño event, the seasonal trace element signals were disrupted, which also coincided with a reduction in extension rates. This disruption in normally highly correlated seasonal trace element ratios‐sea surface temperature relationships was unusually long, lasting for approximately 2 years in the inner‐shelf reef site and nearly 4 years in the outer‐shelf reef site. Although the seasonal signal of trace element ratios in both cores eventually stabilized, for the inner‐shelf core the amplitude and absolute values in most trace element ratios remained significantly different compared to pre‐1998 levels. This suggests that prolonged thermal stress can induce subtle but potentially long‐lasting physiological changes that affect the elemental composition of the coral's calcifying fluid. The lack of indication of stress in the core records during later bleaching events (2003, 2005, and 2010) suggests that some of these physiological changes could have induced increased thermal tolerance, particularly for inner‐shelf corals, lending support to the capacity for corals to acclimatize.

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“…The warming phase (positive values) is known as EI Niño and the cooling phase (negative values) as La Niña. These basin-scale sea surface temperature anomalies not only affect tropical climate, but also global climate through atmospheric teleconnections (Tyrrell et al 2015), causing changes in local and regional ecological conditions (Li et al 2006;Ionita et al 2014). During an EI Niño phase, winter conditions tend to be warm and wet in the southern USA, Mexico, Central America, Western Canada and East Asia, but cold and dry in Indonesia, northwestern Africa, eastern Canada and southeastern South America (Calvert et al 2009;Robson & Barriocanal 2011;Paxton et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local temperature and El Niño Southern Oscillation influence migration phenology of East Asian migratory waterbirds wintering in Poyang, China

Liu

2017

Integrative Zoology

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Temperature is a critical factor influencing avian phenology, due to its direct impact on food and water availability. Most previous studies have focused on the timing of spring migration and the arrival of birds at breeding grounds along the European and American flyways; little is known about migration ecology at the wintering sites along the Asian flyways. Using linear regression models, this study investigates how local temperature variation and EI Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the arrival and departure timing of 9 waterbird species breeding in Mongolia or Siberia and overwintering in Poyang, China from 2002 to 2013. Birds mainly arrive at Poyang in October and depart for their breeding sites in March. Out of the 9 species, 6 show a strong negative relationship between departure time and overwintering temperature in Poyang. Departure dates also show a negative association with overwintering ENSO and March ENSO for two species. Both local and large-scale climate indices show no influence on the arrival timing of waterbirds. We suggest that birds react to the annual variation of overwintering temperature: an earlier departure of waterbirds is facilitated by a warmer overwintering period and vice versa. The long-term accumulated temperature effect is more pronounced than ENSO and the short-term local temperature effect. Our findings could help quantify the potential impact of global warming on waterbirds.

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Distinct modes of East Asian Winter Monsoon documented by a southern Red Sea coral record

Cited by 11 publications

References 63 publications

Large-Scale Mode Impacts on the Sea Level over the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden

Large-Scale Mode Impacts on the Sea Level over the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden

Long‐Term Impacts of the 1997–1998 Bleaching Event on the Growth and Resilience of Massive Porites Corals From the Central Red Sea

Local temperature and El Niño Southern Oscillation influence migration phenology of East Asian migratory waterbirds wintering in Poyang, China

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