Distinct Orbitofrontal Regions Encode Stimulus and Choice Valuation

Cunningham, William A.; Kesek, Amanda; Mowrer, Samantha M.

doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.21148

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Instead, a number of regions showed decreasing activation as losses increased, and these regions overlapped with the regions whose activity increased for increasing gains. This finding of decreasing VMPFC activity for increasing losses has been replicated in several other studies (e.g., Cunningham et al, 2009;Plassmann et al, 2010); none of these studies have reported increased activity in regions such as insula or amygdala that are usually associated with negative outcomes.…”

Section: Value Functionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Prospect Theory and the Brain

Fox¹,

Poldrack²

2014

Neuroeconomics

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Section: Value Functionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Prospect Theory and the Brain

Fox¹,

Poldrack²

2014

Neuroeconomics

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“…This provides important converging support for a growing body of neuroimaging work in healthy subjects that has reported activations within ventromedial and orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex in relation to preference judgment (Arana et al, 2003; Paulus and Frank, 2003; McClure et al, 2004; Kim et al, 2007; Chaudhry et al, 2009; Cunningham et al, 2009; Lebreton et al, 2009), and in proportion to the subjective value of stimuli in other tasks (Kringelbach et al, 2003; Plassmann et al, 2007; Kable and Glimcher, 2009; Hare et al, 2010; Peters and Buchel, 2010). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Ventromedial Frontal Lobe Damage Disrupts Value Maximization in Humans

Camille¹,

Griffiths²,

Vo³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

200

157

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Recent work in neuroeconomics has shown that regions in orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex encode the subjective value of different options during choice. However, these electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies cannot demonstrate whether such signals are necessary for value-maximizing choices. Here we used a paradigm developed in experimental economics to empirically measure and quantify violations of utility theory in humans with damage to the ventromedial frontal lobe (VMF). We show that people with such damage are more likely to make choices that violate the generalized axiom of revealed preference, which is the one necessary and sufficient condition for choices to be consistent with value maximization. These results demonstrate that the VMF plays a critical role in value-maximizing choice.

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“…Although very discrete lesions of the OFC do not result in IGT impairments in human subjects (Manes et al, 2002), OFC-damaged patients are impaired on a different decision-making task that likewise taxes judgments involving probabilistic rewards and punishments (Rogers et al, 1999b), and neuroimaging data indicate that the OFC is recruited in such tasks (Rogers et al, 1999a;Cunningham et al, 2009;Lawrence et al, 2009;Hartstra et al, 2010). There is also an inconsistency between human data and the findings presented here, in that the performance of rats with posttraining OFC lesions matches findings from patients who had not learned the IGT before their brain injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesions of the Basolateral Amygdala and Orbitofrontal Cortex Differentially Affect Acquisition and Performance of a Rodent Gambling Task

Zeeb¹,

Winstanley²

2011

J. Neurosci.

138

115

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Risky decision making on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has been observed in several psychiatric disorders, including substance abuse, schizophrenia, and pathological gambling. Such deficits are often attributed to impaired processing within the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) because patients with damage to this area or to the amygdala, which is strongly interconnected with the OFC, can likewise show enhanced choice of high-risk options. However, whether damage to the OFC or amygdala impairs subjects' ability to learn the task, or actually affects the decision-making process itself, is currently unclear. To address these issues, rats were trained to perform a rodent gambling task (rGT) either before or after bilateral excitotoxic lesions to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) or OFC. Maximum profits in both the rGT and IGT are obtained by favoring smaller rewards associated with lower penalties, and avoiding the tempting, yet ultimately disadvantageous, large reward options. Lesions of the OFC or BLA made before task acquisition initially impaired animals' ability to determine the optimal strategy, but did not disrupt decision making in the long term. In contrast, lesions of the BLA, but not the OFC, made after the task had been acquired increased risky choice. These results suggest that, although both regions contribute to the development of appropriate choice behavior under risk, the BLA maintains a more fundamental role in guiding these decisions. The maladaptive choice pattern observed on the IGT in patients with OFC lesions could therefore partially reflect a learning deficit, whereas amygdala damage may give rise to a more robust decision-making impairment.

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Distinct Orbitofrontal Regions Encode Stimulus and Choice Valuation

Cited by 22 publications

References 56 publications

Prospect Theory and the Brain

Prospect Theory and the Brain

Ventromedial Frontal Lobe Damage Disrupts Value Maximization in Humans

Lesions of the Basolateral Amygdala and Orbitofrontal Cortex Differentially Affect Acquisition and Performance of a Rodent Gambling Task

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