2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.020
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Distinct Roles for Condensin’s Two ATPase Sites in Chromosome Condensation

Abstract: Highlights d Condensin's two ATPase sites have distinct roles in structuring chromosomes d One ATPase site drives loop formation and the second promotes higher-order Z loops d Hyperactive condensin I shortens mitotic chromosomes in the absence of condensin II d Condensin II is key to decatenation and forms a straight chromosomal axis

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Cited by 42 publications
(56 citation statements)
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“…Interestingly, we also uncovered an underlying asymmetry in the requirement for the two ATP binding sites of Smc5 and Smc6. This asymmetry is in line with observations made for cohesin and condensin 18,43 and may signify a downstream role for the Smc5 ATP binding site during HR.…”
Section: Smc5/6 Complex Features That Influence Chromatin Associationsupporting
confidence: 90%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Interestingly, we also uncovered an underlying asymmetry in the requirement for the two ATP binding sites of Smc5 and Smc6. This asymmetry is in line with observations made for cohesin and condensin 18,43 and may signify a downstream role for the Smc5 ATP binding site during HR.…”
Section: Smc5/6 Complex Features That Influence Chromatin Associationsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…All three SMC heterodimers interact at the hinge and ATP binding/hydrolysis occurs in two pockets formed between the heads of the two subunits. For all SMC complexes, ATP turnover is essential for cell viability and has been proposed to bring about conformational changes in the arms 13,14,15 .The ATPase activity is also key to the interaction of SMC's with DNA: Cohesin's ATPase is required for both loading and dissociation from DNA 16 , whilst condensin is dependent on its ATPase activity for translocating along DNA and forming loop structures 17,18 . The role of the Smc5/6 ATPase in DNA association has not been studied in detail.The Smc5/6 hinge contains specialised interfaces that are important for interacting with single stranded DNA (ssDNA) 19 .…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Further investigation found that Smc4-LV could not form Z-loops, and where two independent DNA loops result in more DNA compaction than two condensin complexes creating a Z-loop, this could account for faster DNA compaction while maintaining the same loop extrusion rate ( Figure 2D). Similar results were observed in human cells, as Hi-C data suggests that SMC4-LV creates larger DNA loops than wild-type [48]. The mechanism behind how two condensin complexes interact to form Z-loops is not known, but if we examine the location of the Smc4-LV mutation, we see it is proximal to the W-loop of Smc4 found to bind Ycs4 ( Figure 1C).…”
Section: The Role Of Atpsupporting
confidence: 79%
“…Based on condensin existing structural work, and taking into consideration a general functional homology with cohesin, we propose the following steps in the mechanism of condensin loop extrusion ( Figure 3D) [7,48,[72][73][74]. Condensin I and II are also present on chromosomes in different ratios throughout mitosis, starting at roughly 2 times more condensin I than condensin II in prophase, going up to ∼6 times more in anaphase [75].…”
Section: Holocomplex Structurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…In our model, switches occur at rate k switch ; by switching, inactive subunits become active and vice versa. Thus, LEF subunits have trajectories similar to the one shown in Figure 1 Although not yet observed experimentally, we hypothesize that switching activity of SMC complexes could potentially be induced by exchange of subunits within the SMC complex, different solution conditions, or post-translational or genetic modifications, all of which can alter SMC complex behavior in experiments Elbatsh et al, 2019;Ganji et al, 2018;Keenholtz et al, 2017;Kleine Borgmann et al, 2013;Kschonsak et al, 2017) .…”
Section: Switching Modelmentioning
confidence: 69%