Distinct signals from the microbiota promote different aspects of zebrafish gut differentiation

Bates, Jennifer; Mittge, Erika; Kuhlman, Julie A.; Baden, Katrina N.; Cheesman, Sarah E.; Guillemin, Karen

doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.05.006

Cited by 546 publications

(567 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…is known to be a major constituent of the gut microbiota and mono-association experiments with this bacterium showed that it increases the expression of digestive enzymes and abundance of secretory cells in the gut epithelium. Its presence furthermore enabled the uptake of protein macromolecules and influenced gut motility (Bates et al, 2006). Interestingly, Gorokhova et al (2015) found a strong decrease in feeding activity, digestion efficiency and carbon uptake in Daphnia of which the gut microbiota was affected by antibiotic exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food availability affects the strength of mutualistic host–microbiota interactions in Daphnia magna

et al. 2015

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The symbiotic gut microbial community is generally known to have a strong impact on the fitness of its host. Nevertheless, it is less clear how the impact of symbiotic interactions on the hosts' fitness varies according to environmental circumstances such as changes in the diet. This study aims to get a better understanding of host-microbiota interactions under different levels of food availability. We conducted experiments with the invertebrate, experimental model organism Daphnia magna and compared growth, survival and reproduction of conventionalized symbiotic Daphnia with germ-free individuals given varying quantities of food. Our experiments revealed that the relative importance of the microbiota for the hosts' fitness varied according to dietary conditions. The presence of the microbiota had strong positive effects on Daphnia when food was sufficient or abundant, but had weaker effects under food limitation. Our results indicate that the microbiota can be a potentially important factor in determining host responses to changes in dietary conditions. Characterization of the host-associated microbiota further showed that Aeromonas sp. was the most prevalent taxon in the digestive tract of Daphnia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food availability affects the strength of mutualistic host–microbiota interactions in Daphnia magna

et al. 2015

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“…Although D. magna has digestive enzymes used for breaking down food such as proteases, amylases and lipases (Hasler, 1935;von Elert et al, 2004), the contribution of gut microbiota to these functions is unknown. It also remains to be seen whether bacteria affect the development and maturation of the Daphnia gut, as they do in the development of vertebrate gut epithelia (Hooper, 2004;Rawls et al, 2004;Bates et al, 2006), or whether bacteria promote growth factor signaling and intestinal stem cell activity as in Drosophila (Shin et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some microbes are parasites that can cause disease, many others lie on the spectrum between commensalism and mutualism and may significantly influence their hosts' nutrition (Dethlefsen et al, 2007), development (Bates et al, 2006) and disease resistance (Macpherson and Harris, 2004;Koch and Schmid-Hempel, 2011). The use of model organisms such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the house mouse Mus musculus and the zebrafish Danio rerio has facilitated understanding of the mechanisms by which certain biological functions of the hosts are modulated by their microbiota (Rawls et al, 2004;Turnbaugh et al, 2006;Cabreiro and Gems 2013;Erkosar et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction

2014

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Microbiota have diverse roles in the functioning of their hosts; experiments using model organisms have enabled investigations into these functions. In the model crustacean Daphnia, little knowledge exists about the effect of microbiota on host well being. We assessed the effect of microbiota on Daphnia magna by experimentally depriving animals of their microbiota and comparing their growth, survival and fecundity to that of their bacteria-bearing counterparts. We tested Daphnia coming from both lab-reared parthenogenetic eggs of a single genotype and from genetically diverse field-collected resting eggs. We showed that bacteria-free hosts are smaller, less fecund and have higher mortality than those with microbiota. We also manipulated the association by exposing bacteria-free Daphnia to a single bacterial strain of Aeromonas sp., and to laboratory environmental bacteria. These experiments further demonstrated that the Daphnia-microbiota system is amenable to manipulation under various experimental conditions. The results of this study have implications for studies of D. magna in ecotoxicology, ecology and environmental genomics.

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“…The microorganisms that reside on and inside humans and other vertebrate animals are remarkable, not only because of their importance to host health and development (Bates et al, 2006;Fraune and Bosch, 2010;Sommer and Bäckhed, 2013), but also because they assemble into complex communities de novo in every new hatchling or infant host. The processes responsible for structuring these complex systems, often referred to as a host's microbiota, are not well understood despite a strong interest in manipulating them to improve human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of neutral processes to the assembly of gut microbial communities in the zebrafish over host development

et al. 2015

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Despite their importance to host health and development, the communities of microorganisms associated with humans and other animals are characterized by a large degree of unexplained variation across individual hosts. The processes that drive such inter-individual variation are not well understood. To address this, we surveyed the microbial communities associated with the intestine of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, over developmental time. We compared our observations of community composition and distribution across hosts with that predicted by a neutral assembly model, which assumes that community assembly is driven solely by chance and dispersal. We found that as hosts develop from larvae to adults, the fit of the model to observed microbial distributions decreases, suggesting that the relative importance of non-neutral processes, such as microbe-microbe interactions, active dispersal, or selection by the host, increases as hosts mature. We also observed that taxa which depart in their distributions from the neutral prediction form ecologically distinct subgroups, which are phylogenetically clustered with respect to the full metacommunity. These results demonstrate that neutral processes are sufficient to generate substantial variation in microbiota composition across individual hosts, and suggest that potentially unique or important taxa may be identified by their divergence from neutral distributions.

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Distinct signals from the microbiota promote different aspects of zebrafish gut differentiation

Cited by 546 publications

References 59 publications

Food availability affects the strength of mutualistic host–microbiota interactions in Daphnia magna

Food availability affects the strength of mutualistic host–microbiota interactions in Daphnia magna

Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction

Contribution of neutral processes to the assembly of gut microbial communities in the zebrafish over host development

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