Distinctive adjuvanticity of synthetic analogs of mycobacterial water-soluble components

Lack of Response of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to in vitro Activation by Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP)

“…N-Acetylinuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (muramyl dipeptide, MDP) is a minimum structural unit responsible for the immunoadjuvant activities of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans in a variety of animal species, including humans (4,8,14,31). MDP also exhibits a variety of immunomodulating activities other than its adjuvant activity in vivo and in vitro (2,23,29).…”

Is persisting antigen responsible for the chronicity of experimental allergic arthritis?

“…It should be stressed that the crucial difference between immunization with antigen in FCA, as opposed to FIA, is the development of delayed hypersensitivity reaction (Audibert et al, 1976) and presumably sequestered antigen is unable to perpetuate such a reaction owing to its inaccessibility. However, it is possible that during the acute phase macrophages are attracted to the joint, carrying with them dead tubercle bacilli or their breakdown products from the granuloma at the immunization site.…”

“…A. Fox It was therefore suggested that slow release of antigen from complexes could continuously activate a delayed hypersensitivity (DHS) reaction. The need for a DHS reaction to antigen which is demonstrably not produced on immunization with antigen in FIA but requires FCA (Audibert et al, 1976), has been stressed (Glynn, 1968). In addition the production of a macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) by cultures of synovia from EAA joints suggests a continuing DHS reaction (Stastny, et al, 1973).…”

‘Molecular sandwiches’ as a basis for structural and functional similarities of interferons, MSH, ACTH, LHRH, myelin basic protein, and albumins

“…It is also noteworthy that the tryptophan peptide of myelin basic protein and LHRH are known to cause experimental autoimmune diseases in the presence of mummy1 dipeptide [36-391, which has been shown to be a SHT-like substance [40,41]. Muramyl dipeptide is also functional as an adjuvant for bovine serum albumin and hen ovalbumin [42,43]. These observations suggest a correlation between SHT-binding sites and muramyl .dipeptide activity [44] that may be extended to include MSH, ACTH, and uIFN.…”