Distinctive clinical features of bilateral Duane retraction syndrome

Surgical and functional outcomes in bilateral exotropic Duane's retraction syndrome

“…Most patients had mixed types of DRS which contradicts previous reports scoring higher for the same type of DRS in both eyes. This difference may be due to only including bilateral exotropic DRS as opposed to previous reports including both bilateral esotropic and exotropic DRS patients 4 6. As Type I DRS and esotropia are more common in bilateral cases, it is not surprising that in our select case series of exotropic DRS that was not the case.…”

“…As in previous bilateral DRS reports, this study demonstrated higher male predominance, but due to the small number of participants, the results cannot be used to generalise gender prevalence 4 6. More recently, Kekunnaya et al 7 reported no gender predilection in 52 bilateral DRS cases.…”

“…Seven (64%) patients had an AHP prior to surgery which resolved or improved in 86%. Previous studies have reported similar rate of AHP in bilateral DRS possibly due to both eyes being affected making the use of AHP less effective in establishing fusion 4 6. Barbe et al 12 reported a similar improvement or elimination of AHP in 82% of patients.…”

Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Duane's syndrome: a rare association

“…A case in which DMD was associated with unilateral type I Duane syndrome has been previously reported only once [1][2][3][4][5] . There is a progressive degeneration of the muscle fibers that causes increasing weakness and accentuated elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase level.…”

“…Duane retraction syndrome is a form of strabismus with a unilateral or bilateral congenital anomaly of the 6 th cranial nerve nuclei with aberrant innervations by supply from the 3rd cranial nerve [1][2][3] . It is characterized by limited eye abduction (type I), adduction (type II) or both (type III), and eyeball retraction with associated narrowing of the palpebral fissure during adduction of the eye.…”