Distinctive features of female reproductive physiology and artificial insemination in the dromedary camel species

et al. 2020

Preprint

Background Reproduction is a basic prerequisite to efficient livestock production. The reproductive performance depends upon the normal structure and functions of genital organs. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017 to identify and compare the frequency of reproductive organ pathological lesions and to isolates bacteria associated with uterine lesions in female dromedary camels and cows slaughtered at Addis Ababa and Adama municipal abattoirs and Akaki slaughter house. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect 280 reproductive tracts from cow and female dromedary camel. Following gross inspection tissue samples with lesion were collected for histopathological and bacteriological studies and were done according to standard protocols. Result Various pathological lesions with different degrees of severity were observed in 34.2% (n = 48) and 36.4% (n = 51) of dromedary camel and cow, respectively. Age, species and body conditions of animals were not statistically associated with most of disorders (P > 0.05). The lesions encountered in dromedary camels were 21.4%, 7.14%, 1.42%, 2.85% and 1.42% uterine, ovarian, oviductal, vaginal and cervical lesions, respectively. However, 16.4%, 14.2%, 3.57%, 1.42% and 1.42%, ovarian, uterine, oviductal, vaginal and cervical lesions were seen in examined cows, respectively. The result showed that the collected uterine tissue was positive for single and/or mixed bacterial infection. Bacterial isolated includes, Staphylococcus species 28.5%, Streptococci species 19.6%, Coynebacterium species 8.9%, Escherichia coli 26.78%, Salmonella species 10.7% and Klebsiella species 5.35% were isolated from cows uteri, while in the dromedary camels, Escherichia coli 35.5%, Staphylococcus species 26.6%, Streptococcus species 13.3%, Pseudomonas species 6.6%, Proteus species 4.4%, Salmonella species 8.8% and Klebsiella species 4.4%.were isolated. Histopathologically, endometrial glands degeneration, sloughing of epithelium, peri-glandular cuffing and infiltrations of inflammatory cell were some of characteristic changes observed in uterus. Conclusions Reproductive organ pathological lesions found to be an important problem in female dromedary camel and cow and it was observed that the bacteria isolated from camel’s uteri were similar to those in cows. The role of each reproductive lesions incriminated as causes of reproductive failures in this livestock species needs further investigation.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Comparative study on lesions of reproductive disorders of cows and female dromedary camels slaughtered at Addis Ababa, Adama and Akaki abbatoirs with bacterial isolation and characterization

et al. 2020

Preprint

“…This might be related to seasonal breeding behavior of the camelids and the current study was carried out during which most camels were cyclic. The study by Monaco et al [53] also justi ed that peak sexual activity of dromedary camel ranges from November to February. Moreover, microscopically, complete absence of follicular or luteal development and excessive brous connective tissues proliferation was observed which was in agreement with previous reports [10,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparative study on lesions of reproductive disorders of cows and female dromedary camels slaughtered at Addis Ababa, Adama and Akaki abbatoirs with bacterial isolation and characterization

et al. 2020

Preprint

Background: Reproduction is a basic prerequisite to efficient livestock production. Reproductive performance depends upon the normal structure and function of genital organs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017 to identify and compare the frequency of pathological lesions in the reproductive tract and to isolate bacteria associated to uterine lesions in female dromedary camels and cows slaughtered at Akaki camel slaughter house and Addis Ababa and Adama municipal abattoirs. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect 280 reproductive tracts from cows and female dromedary camels. Following gross inspection at abattoirs, tissue samples with lesion were collected for histopathological and bacteriological investigation. Result: Various pathological lesions with different degrees of severity were observed in 48 (34.2 %) and 51 (36.4%) of dromedary camels and cows, respectively. Uterine lesions were the most prevalent (21.4%) lesions observed in dromedary camels followed by ovarian lesions (7.14%); while in cows, ovarian lesions were the major prevalent (16.4%) lesions followed by uterine lesion (14.2%). The result showed that there were 56 bacteria isolated from cows uterine lesion with Staphylococcus species (28.5%), Streptococci species (19.6%), Coynebacterium species (8.9%), Escherichia coli (26.78%), Salmonella species (10.7%) and Klebsiella species (5.35%) being the prominent isolates; while in camels, there were 45 bacteria isolated with Escherichia coli (35.5%), Staphylococcus species (26.6%), Streptococcus species (13.3%), Pseudomonas species (6.6 %), Proteus species (4.4%), Salmonella species (8.8%) and Klebsiella species (4.4%) being the most frequently isolated. The result showed that the major isolates were similar with slightly higher in cows. Histopathologically, endometrial glands degeneration, sloughing of epithelium, peri-glandular cuffing and infiltrations of inflammatory cell were some of characteristic changes observed in uterus. Conclusions: Pathological lesions in reproductive organs in female dromedary camels and cows showed great prevalence, with similarity in bacterial isolates between the two species. The role of each reproductive lesions and bacterial isolates incriminated as causes of reproductive failures in this livestock species needs further investigation.

“…The reason why inactive ovary was observed with low frequency in dromedary camels than cows in this study might be related to seasonal breeding behavior of the camelids and the current study was carried out during which most camels were cyclic. The study by Monaco et al [53] also justi ed that peak sexual activity of dromedary camel ranges from November to February. Moreover, microscopically, complete absence of follicular or luteal development and excessive brous connective tissues proliferation was observed which was in agreement with previous reports [10,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparative study on lesions of reproductive disorders of cows and female dromedary camels slaughtered at Addis Ababa, Adama and Akaki abbatoirs with bacterial isolation and characterization

et al. 2020

Preprint

Background: Reproduction is a basic prerequisite to efficient livestock production. Reproductive performance depends upon the normal structure and function of genital organs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017 to identify and compare the frequency of pathological lesions in the reproductive tract and to isolate bacteria associated to uterine lesions in female dromedary camels and cows slaughtered at Akaki camel slaughter house and Addis Ababa and Adama municipal abattoirs. Abattoirs were visited once per week for 28 weeks during which three to seven animals on average were slaughtered per day. A purposive sampling technique was employed to examine reproductive tracts of all slaughtered animals (280; 140 cows and 140 camels). Following gross inspection at abattoirs, tissue samples with lesion were collected for histopathological and bacteriological investigation. Result: Various pathological lesions with different degrees of severity were observed in 48 (34.2%) and 51 (36.4%) of dromedary camels and cows, respectively. Uterine lesions were the most prevalent 21.4% lesions observed in dromedary camels followed by ovarian lesions 7.14%; while in cows, ovarian lesions were the major prevalent 16.4% lesions followed by uterine lesion 14.2%. The result showed that there were 56 bacteria isolated from cows uterine lesion with Staphylococcus species 28.5%, Streptococci species 19.6%, Coynebacterium species 8.9%, Escherichia coli 26.78%, Salmonella species 10.7% and Klebsiella species 5.35% being the prominent isolates; while in camels, there were 45 bacteria isolated with Escherichia coli 35.5%, Staphylococcus species 26.6%, Streptococcus species 13.3%, Pseudomonas species 6.6 %, Proteus species 4.4%, Salmonella species 8.8% and Klebsiella species 4.4% being the most frequently isolated. The result showed that the major isolates were similar with slightly higher in cows. Histopathologically, endometrial glands degeneration, sloughing of epithelium, peri-glandular cuffing and infiltrations of inflammatory cell were some of characteristic changes observed in uterus. Conclusions: Pathological lesions in reproductive organs in female dromedary camels and cows showed great prevalence, with similarity in bacterial isolates between the two species. The role of each reproductive lesions and bacterial isolates incriminated as causes of reproductive failures in this livestock species needs further investigation.