Distinctive Improved Synthesis and Application Extensions Graphdiyne for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Abstract

Graphdiyne (GD), a novel two‐dimension carbon hybrid material, due to its unique and excellent properties, has been widely concerned since this innovative material was successfully synthesized by Prof. Yuliang Li in 2010. Traditionally, its synthesis method is growing graphdiyne on copper foils or foam copper as a base catalytic material to deliver copper ions (Cu2+) under pyridine conditions. Here, an innovative progress for graphdiyne preparation approach of using Cu+ ion as a catalytic material is reported and its application in extending to the photocatalytic water‐splitting to produce hydrogen in situ as well. In detail, by means of cuprous iodide used as a catalyst‐carrier to grow a graphdiyne in a pyridine solution of monomeric hexynylbenzene and such CuI‐graphdiyne composite catalyst is directly applied to photocatalytic hydrogen production in situ. Meanwhile, the hydrogen production of GD and CuI are 29.42 μmol/5 h and 156.49 μmol/5 h, respectively. In particular, the composite catalyst GD‐CuI exhibits an optimum photo‐catalytic hydrogen production activity (465.95 μmol/5 h) which is 15.8 times and 3.0 times that of pure GD and CuI respectively. This rational design, one‐step construction of GD‐CuI, successfully enhances photo‐catalytic hydrogen evolution activity. The deeper characterization study results such as TEM, SEM, XPS, XRD, UV‐vis DRS, Transient photocurrent and FT‐IR etc. have been well researched and the results of which are in good agreement with each other.

Zn‐Vacancy Engineered S‐Scheme ZnCdS/ZnS Photocatalyst for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution

“…The obtained suspension was loaded into a Teflon-lined autoclave (50 mL) and retained at 160 °C for 5 h. At last, the resulting composite was rinsed with DI water and ethanol three times and then dried in a vacuum furnace at 120 °C overnight. The mass ratios of ZnCdS to MOF-5 were 5 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.% and 30 wt.%, and the obtained samples were named ZnCdS/MOF-5 (5), ZnCdS/MOF-5 (15), ZnCdS/MOF-5 (20), ZnCdS/ MOF-5 (25) and ZnCdS/MOF-5 (30), respectively. As a reference, using 2.0 mmol Zn(NO 3 ) 2 • 6H 2 O, 2 mmol Cd(NO 3 ) 2 • 4H 2 O and 8.0 mmol CH 4 N 2 S to synthesize the pristine ZnCdS under the same conditions.…”

“…[1][2] Solar-driven photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen production is deemed as a viable and effective way to solve the increasingly serious energy crisis. [3][4][5] Since Honda and Fujishima found the phenomenon of water splitting under ultraviolet light irradiation in 1972 [6] and the upsurge of studying semiconductor photocatalyst has been raised in the past period of several decades. It's a pity that the low efficiency of converting solar energy into hydrogen energy because of the rapid recombination of photoexciton and low light utilization limited the application of photocatalyst.…”

A New Allotrope of Carbon—Graphdiyne (g‐CnH2n−2) Boosting with Mn0.2Cd0.8S form S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

“…This indicates that the electron densities around different atoms change after contact between the two materials, which confirms the obvious interaction between MCS and GDY/CuI. [ 47 ] Generally speaking, the interaction is beneficial to the transfer of photoinduced carriers and the hydrogen evolution reaction.…”

Advances on Graphyne‐Family Members for Superior Photocatalytic Behavior

“…[27][28][29][30] But also in and experimental studies, as detailed in this review. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Theoretical studies reveal that GFM materials have electronic and optical properties similar to or superior to graphene. [18] They show semiconducting properties, which means they possess a direct bandgap and carrier mobility comparable to that of graphene, both being relevant properties for photocatalytic applications.…”

“…This review is mainly focused on -GY and -GDY (hereafter referred to GY and GDY), which are the main GFMs effectively synthesized and experimentally tested in photocatalytic applications. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][69][70][71] GY and GDY also represent the structures of GFMs with predicted highest stability due to their lower heat of formation energies. [2,3] Besides the -structures, some publications report the fabrication of GDY materials with different configurations based on their precursors and synthesis method, namely -GDY and even amorphous -GDY, and g) portraying besides the aforementioned structures, a rhombic-GY, the building blocks of the -yne structures and their nanopore diameters.…”