Distinguishing the Contributions of Residential Wood Combustion and Mobile Source Emissions Using Relative Concentrations of Dimethylphenanthrene Isomers

Benner, Bruce A.; Wise, Stephen A.; Currie, Lloyd A.; Klouda, George A.; Klinedinst, Donna B.; Zweidinger, Roy B.; Stevens, Robert K.; Lewis, Charles

doi:10.1021/es00009a034

Cited by 159 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[22][23][24][25][26] According to these references, the ratios between pairs of individual PAHs are often employed to determine the sources of PAHs (See ESI for more information, ESI †). Fig.…”

Section: Source Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, sources, and potential toxicological significance of PAHs in drinking water sources within the Pearl River Delta

Qiao

et al. 2011

J. Environ. Monit.

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The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region is one of the most population-dense areas in China. The safety of its drinking source water is essential to human health. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted attention from the scientific community and the general public due to their toxicity and wide distribution in the global environment. In this work, PAHs pollution levels from the drinking source water in nine main cities within the PRD were investigated. P 15 PAHs concentrations during the wet season varied from 32.0 to 754.8 ng L À1 in the dissolved phase, and from 13.4 to 3017.8 ng L À1 in the particulate phase. During the dry season, dissolved PAHs ranged from 48.1 to 113.6 ng L À1 , and particulate PAHs from 8.6 to 69.6 ng L À1 . Overall, P 15 PAHs concentrations were extremely high in the XC and ZHQ stations during the wet season in 2008 and 2009. In most sites, PAHs originated from mixed sources. Hazard ratios based on non-cancerous and cancerous risks were extremely higher in XC compared with the others during the wet season, though they were much less than 1. Nevertheless, risks caused by the combined toxicity of P 15 PAHs and other organics should be seriously considered. PAHs toxic equivalent quantities ranged from 0.508 to 177.077 ng L À1 .

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Section: Source Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, sources, and potential toxicological significance of PAHs in drinking water sources within the Pearl River Delta

Qiao

et al. 2011

J. Environ. Monit.

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“…68 Retene and 1,7-dimethylphenanthrene have been used as molecular markers for conifer wood smoke. 69,70 It should also be noted that organic compounds with vapor pressures roughly between 10 Ϫ4 and 10 Ϫ11 atm at ambient temperatures may be distributed in the gas and particulate phases 71 ; for example, syringol and most of the substituted syringols, lactones, and guaiacols are found to be semi-volatile compounds and present in the gas phase and bound to particles. Such equilibrium complicates the use of these compounds as organic markers.…”

Section: Polycyclic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Recent Advances in Detection of Organic Markers in Fine Particulate Matter and Their Use for Source Apportionment

Lin

Lee

Eatough

2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Fine particulate matter is believed to be more toxic than coarse particles and to exacerbate health problems such as respiratory and cardiopulmonary diseases. Specific organic compounds within atmospheric fine particulate material can be used to differentiate specific inputs from various emissions and thus is helpful in identifying the major urban air pollution sources that contribute to these health problems. Particular marker compounds that carry signature information about different emission sources (i.e., gasoline or diesel motor vehicles, wood smoke, meat cooking, vegetative detritus, and cigarette smoke) are reviewed. Aerosol organic types (e.g., from mass spectrometry data, which can also help in elucidation of carbonaceous material sources) are also discussed. Apportionment of the primary source contributions and atmospheric processes contributing to fine particulate matter and fine particulate organic material concentrations are outlined. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in chemical characterization approaches for identification and quantification of compounds in complex organic mixtures associated with fine atmospheric particles and their use in chemical mass balance (CMB) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment models.

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“…On the other hand, retene/dimethylphenanthrenes (DMPs) and m-quaterphenyl/BeP showed minimum values at S1, and increased with the distance from the road. There are some reports that retene derives from wood combustion (Ramdahl, 1983;Benner et al, 1995), and m-quaterphenyl derives from municipal waste incinerations (Tong et al, 1984;Fu et al, 1997). According to these reports, these two PAHs are important as molecular markers of nonvehicle PAH sources.…”

Section: Tsp and Pah Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular composition and compound-specific stable carbon isotope ratio of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere in suburban areas

et al. 2004

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Molecular and carbon isotopic compositions of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in sites at 1 m (S1), 10 m (S2) and approximately 200 m (S3) distant from roads in Tokyo, Japan. Total suspended particles (TSP) concentrations at S1 was approximately three times higher than S2 and S3, while the concentration of atmospheric PAHs was almost the same (76-166 µg g -1 -TSP) at S1, S2 and S3. Compound-specific δ 13 C of atmospheric PAHs ranged from -23.3 to -24.5‰ at S1, from -24.1 to -25.6‰ at S2, and from -25.2 to -27.0‰ at S3. The concentration of some PAHs and the weighted averages of δ 13 C of some selected PAHs differed significantly among the three sites. The PAH concentration ratios indicating automotive contribution were S1 > S2 > S3, while the ratios indicating non-vehicle contribution were S3 > S2 > S1. These differences in molecular and isotopic signatures among the three sites are not caused by photolysis, instead they are possibly due to differences in the sources of PAHs.A quantitative approach to identify compound-specific sources is to use the concentration and δ 13 C of individual PAHs at each site. The estimated average δ 13 C values of individual PAHs derived from automobiles, which was calculated using a mass balance model, ranged from -19.5 to -23.6‰. Taking into account the results of this study and those of previous studies, -26 to -28‰ was adopted as the δ 13 C value of PAHs derived from non-vehicle sources. We estimated that the automotive contribution to the concentration of individual PAHs ranged from 33 to 88% at S1, from 11 to 74% at S2, and from 0 to 52% at S3. We conclude that compound-specific δ 13 C measurement is a powerful and useful tool to identify such compound-specific sources of atmospheric PAHs.

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Distinguishing the Contributions of Residential Wood Combustion and Mobile Source Emissions Using Relative Concentrations of Dimethylphenanthrene Isomers

Cited by 159 publications

References 19 publications

Distribution, sources, and potential toxicological significance of PAHs in drinking water sources within the Pearl River Delta

Distribution, sources, and potential toxicological significance of PAHs in drinking water sources within the Pearl River Delta

Review of Recent Advances in Detection of Organic Markers in Fine Particulate Matter and Their Use for Source Apportionment

Molecular composition and compound-specific stable carbon isotope ratio of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere in suburban areas

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