Distractor effects on saccade trajectories: a comparison of prosaccades, antisaccades, and memory-guided saccades

Zoest, Wieske van; Stigchel, Stefan Van der; Barton, Jason J.S.

doi:10.1007/s00221-007-1243-2

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…While our results show that strengthening the target signal with a coincident tone can lead to an increase in deviations away from distractors, a recent study by van Zoest et al (2008) found the opposite effect; weaker deviations away for stronger target signals. In that study, when the strength of the stimulus-driven target signal was increased by presenting a visual stimulus at the target location (rather than having participants perform antisaccades or memory-guided saccades), deviations away from distractors were reduced.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

The effects of multisensory targets on saccadic trajectory deviations: eliminating age differences

et al. 2009

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The present study had two aims. First, to determine if bimodal audio–visual targets allow for greater inhibition of visual distractors, which in turn may lead to greater saccadic trajectory deviations away from those distractors. Second, to determine if bimodal targets can reduce age differences in the ability to generate deviations away, as older adults tend to benefit more from multisensory integration than younger adults. The results show that bimodal targets produced larger deviations away than unimodal targets, but only when the distractor preceded the target, and this effect was comparable across age groups. Furthermore, in contrast to previous research, older adults in this study showed similar deviations away from distractors to those of younger adults. These findings suggest that age differences in the production of trajectory deviations away are not inevitable and that multisensory integration may be an important means for increasing top–down inhibition of irrelevant distraction.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

The effects of multisensory targets on saccadic trajectory deviations: eliminating age differences

et al. 2009

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“…This criterion was selected for two reasons. First, in experimental blocks with antisaccades alone, the mean response latency is around 250 ms-for example, Evdokimidis et al (1996), Weber et al (1998), andVan Zoest et al (2008): hence, using this will give us reasonably equivalent numbers of short-and long-latency antisaccades. Second, experiments using multiple stimuli or simultaneous distractors show that spatial biases are more evident in saccades with latencies \250 ms (Van Zoest et al 2004; Van der Stigchel and Theeuwes 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trial history biases the spatial programming of antisaccades

et al. 2012

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The historical context in which saccades are made influences their latency and error rates, but less is known about how context influences their spatial parameters. We recently described a novel spatial bias for antisaccades, in which the endpoints of these responses deviate towards alternative goal locations used in the same experimental block, and showed that expectancy (prior probability) is at least partly responsible for this 'alternate-goal bias'. In this report we asked whether trial history also plays a role. Subjects performed antisaccades to a stimulus randomly located on the horizontal meridian, on a 40° angle downwards from the horizontal meridian, or on a 40° upward angle, with all three locations equally probable on any given trial. We found that the endpoints of antisaccades were significantly displaced towards the goal location of not only the immediately preceding trial (n - 1) but also the penultimate (n - 2) trial. Furthermore, this bias was mainly present for antisaccades with a short latency of <250 ms and was rapidly corrected by secondary saccades. We conclude that the location of recent antisaccades biases the spatial programming of upcoming antisaccades, that this historical effect persists over many seconds, and that it influences mainly rapidly generated eye movements. Because corrective saccades eliminate the historical bias, we suggest that the bias arises in processes generating the response vector, rather than processes generating the perceptual estimate of goal location.

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“…42 , reported that deviations away from a distractor were observed for longest latencies and deviations towards a distractor in case of shorter latencies with the transition point around latency of 200 ms. The same, however, does not hold for anti-saccades and longest latencies did not correspond to greatest distractor caused deviations 43 . Saccadic deviations are also influenced by the distance of the distractor to the target 44,45 , vertical distance of the distractor from the fixation 46 and the target hemifield 47 .…”

Section: Alternative Measures Of Attention Deploymentmentioning

confidence: 90%

No supplementary evidence of attention to a spatial cue when saccadic facilitation is absent

MacInnes

Bhatnagar

2018

Sci Rep

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Attending a location in space facilitates responses to targets at that location when the time between cue and target is short. Certain types of exogenous cues – such as sudden peripheral onsets – have been described as reflexive and automatic. Recent studies however, have been showing many cases where exogenous cues are less automatic than previously believed and do not always result in facilitation. A lack of the behavioral facilitation, however, does not automatically necessitate a lack of underlying attention to that location. We test exogenous cueing in two experiments where facilitation is and is not likely to be observed with saccadic responses. We also test alternate measures linked to the allocation of attention such as saccadic curvature, microsaccades and pupil size. As expected, we find early facilitation as measured by saccadic reaction time when CTOAs are predictable but not when they are randomized within a block. We find no impact of the cue on microsaccade direction for either experiment, and only a slight dip in the frequency of microsaccades after the cue. We do find that change in pupil size to the cue predicts the magnitude of the validity effect, but only in the experiment where facilitation was observed. In both experiments, we observed a tendency for saccadic curvature to deviate away from the cued location and this was stronger for early CTOAs and toward vertical targets. Overall, we find that only change in pupil size is consistent with observed facilitation. Saccadic curvature is influenced by the onset of the cue, buts its direction is indicative of oculomotor inhibition whether we see RT facilitation or not. Microsaccades were not diagnostic in either experiment. Finally, we see little to no evidence of attention at the cued location in any additional measures when facilitation of saccadic responses is absent.

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Distractor effects on saccade trajectories: a comparison of prosaccades, antisaccades, and memory-guided saccades

Cited by 25 publications

References 53 publications

The effects of multisensory targets on saccadic trajectory deviations: eliminating age differences

The effects of multisensory targets on saccadic trajectory deviations: eliminating age differences

Trial history biases the spatial programming of antisaccades

No supplementary evidence of attention to a spatial cue when saccadic facilitation is absent

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